Functional redundancy of communications and data transmission in energy storage system

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10877532-B2
Application number	US-201515300044-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Apr 2, 2015
Priority date	Apr 2, 2014
Publication date	Dec 29, 2020
Grant date	Dec 29, 2020

Abstract

An energy storage system includes: a host; energy storage modules; a plurality of nodes, each implemented at a corresponding one of the energy storage modules and configured to monitor and control that energy storage module; a communications and data transmission medium forming a loop from a first portion of the host and sequentially through the nodes to a second portion of the host; and in each of the nodes, first and second devices configured to perform at least partially redundant communication and data transmission functions using the communications and data transmission medium.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An energy storage system comprising:
a host;
energy storage modules;
a plurality of nodes, each implemented at a corresponding one of the energy storage modules and configured to monitor and control operation of the corresponding energy storage module;
a communications and data transmission medium forming a loop from a first portion of the host and sequentially through the nodes to a second portion of the host; and
in each of the nodes, a first device and a second device configured to perform at least partially redundant communication and data transmission functions using the communications and data transmission medium, the first device and the second device further configured to perform at least partially redundant monitoring or measurement functions on the corresponding energy storage module,
wherein the communications and data transmission medium connects to the plurality of nodes via transformer coupling and frequency division multiplexing, wherein the frequency division multiplexing is performed by respective crossover circuits in the nodes, each crossover circuit comprising a lowpass arm associated with the first device and a highpass arm associated with the second device.

2. The energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein the first device and the second device perform fully redundant communication and data transmission functions.

3. The energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein the communication and data transmission functions performed by the second device have reduced accuracy compared to the communication and data transmission functions performed by the first device.

4. The energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein the first device and the second device perform fully redundant monitoring or measurement functions on-the the corresponding energy storage module.

5. The energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein the communications and data transmission medium consists of two physical conductors and wherein communications and data transmission are performed over the two physical conductors with a differential data scheme.

6. The energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein the crossover circuit being a passive crossover circuit comprising the lowpass arm with an RL circuit which routes communications to the first device, and the highpass arm with an RC circuit which routes communications to the second device, and wherein the transformer coupling comprises a magnetic transformer between the communications and data transmission medium and the passive crossover circuit.

7. The energy storage system of claim 6 , wherein the passive crossover circuit further comprises a respective secondary lowpass filter path on each of the RL and RC circuits, each secondary lowpass filter path comprising a series resistor and a shunt capacitor.

8. The energy storage system of claim 7 , further comprising an RC highpass filter in the secondary lowpass filter path of the highpass arm.

9. The energy storage system of claim 8 , wherein each of the nodes includes at least one integrated circuit in which the first device and the second device are implemented, wherein the RL and RC circuits and the secondary lowpass filter paths are positioned outside the at least one integrated circuit, and wherein the RC highpass filter is part of the at least one integrated circuit.

10. The energy storage system of claim 6 , wherein a frequency shift keyed signal is transmitted at least in the highpass arm, wherein each of the nodes includes a frequency discrimination circuit configured to discriminate between components of the frequency shift keyed signal, wherein the frequency discrimination circuit forms a datapath that includes at least two one-sample delay registers and a feedback loop having a first adder, and wherein the frequency shift keyed signal is added to the datapath with a second adder positioned between the two one-sample delay registers.

11. The energy storage system of claim 10 , wherein the frequency discrimination circuit includes a negation in the datapath, wherein the frequency shift keyed signal is represented using a two's complement sign representation in which arithmetic negation of a signal (x) is effected by: −x=NOT(x)+1, and wherein the frequency discrimination circuit omits the +1 operation in performing the negation.

12. The energy storage system of claim 10 , wherein the frequency discrimination circuit has a response frequency defined by a constant k in a gain block such that k=0 centers the response frequency at one fourth of a sampling frequency of the frequency shift keyed signal.

13. The energy storage system of claim 12 , wherein the constant k for the frequency discrimination circuit is selected as +/−2 q , where q is an integer, wherein the frequency discrimination circuit has an alteration of wiring connections that implements a bit-shift representing the gain block.

14. The energy storage system of claim 12 , wherein for negative values of the constant k, the frequency discrimination circuit includes a negation operation after the adder in the feedback loop.

15. The energy storage system of claim 10 , wherein the frequency discrimination circuit includes a norm detector block generating an output that represents energy accumulation by the frequency discrimination circuit, and wherein when the output exceeds a threshold, the frequency discrimination circuit resets the one-sample delay registers.

16. The energy storage system of claim 15 , wherein each of the first adder and the second adder has signed overflow detection, wherein the frequency discrimination circuit performs threshold detection through combination by logical OR of respective overflow signals from the first adder and the second adder.

17. The energy storage system of claim 10 , wherein the frequency discrimination circuit includes a latching block configured to latch frequency discriminated pulse streams, and an accumulator register set and an ALU, wherein the latching block generates for the accumulator register set and the ALU (i) a direction signal that is true for an input value of 1, false for an input value of −1, and false for an input value of 0, and (ii) an increment decrement command signal that is true if either a 1 or −1 is present, and 0 otherwise.

18. The energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein the first device and the second device receive respective first and second signal components, wherein each of the nodes implements at least one edge detector for detecting a shift of signal energy, the edge detector configured to perform convolution on a pulse density stream with a bipolar, rectangular impulse response whose values are either −1 or 1 such that the convolution involves a conditional sign change operation.

19. The energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein each crossover circuit is an active crossover circuit.

20. An energy storage system comprising:
a host;
a plurality of energy storage modules;
a plurality of nodes, each implemented at a corresponding one of the energy storage modules and configured to monitor and control that energy storage module;
a communications and data transmission medium forming a loop from a first portion of the host and sequentially through each of the nodes to a second portion of the host; and
in each of the nodes, first means and second means for performing at least partially redundant communication and data transmission functions using the communications and data transmission medium, and the first means and second means configured for performing at least partially redundant monit

Assignees

• Tesla Inc

Inventors

• Dimen Ian C

Classifications

• H01M10/48

  Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte (constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569) · CPC title

• H04W52/00

  Power management {, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes} · CPC title

• H04Q9/00

  Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom · CPC title

• G06F1/26 Primary

  Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof (for memories G11C) · CPC title

• G01R23/165

  using filters · CPC title