Distributed vehicle lidar system

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10877131-B2
Application number	US-201916729396-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Dec 29, 2019
Priority date	Jul 28, 2016
Publication date	Dec 29, 2020
Grant date	Dec 29, 2020

Abstract

A distributed FM LiDAR system that provides a central unit that includes a frequency modulated optical signal source and a central receiver for reflected light, along with multiple optical heads that include only optical components is described. No optical delay lines or timing compensation photonic or electronic circuitry is necessary between the central unit and the optical heads. The relatively simple optical heads do not require extensive protection from shock or vibration, and can be distributed between a vehicle and a towed trailer or similar vehicle, with connections being provided by an optical coupling.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A distributed lidar system, comprising:
a signal processing unit in a housing, the signal processing unit comprising:
a frequency modulated light source in the housing, the frequency modulated light source configured to provide a frequency modulated waveform; and
a receiver in the housing, the receiver configured to transform a reflected frequency modulated waveform into an electrical signal; and

a first optical head separate from the housing, the first optical head comprising:
a first optical scanner in optical communication with the frequency modulated light source, the first optical scanner configured to transmit the frequency modulated waveform into an environment; and
a first optical input in optical communication with the receiver, the optical input configured to receive the reflected frequency modulated waveform from the environment;

a second optical head separate from the housing, the second optical head comprising:
a second optic scanner in optical communication do with the frequency modulated light source; and
a second optical input in optical communication with the receiver;

at least one waveguide that provides optical communication between the signal processing unit and the first optical head; and
at least one differing waveguide that provides optical communication between the signal processing unit and the second optical head.

2. The distributed lidar system of claim 1 , the frequency modulated light source comprising a laser source optically coupled to a whispering gallery mode optical resonator.

3. The distributed lidar system of claim 1 , the signal processing unit further comprising:
a controller in the housing, the controller configured to derive information indicative of a distance to an object in the environment based on the electrical signal.

4. The distributed lidar system of claim 1 , the signal processing unit further comprising:
a controller in the housing, the controller configured to provide a frequency modulated electrical signal, the frequency modulated electrical signal causes the frequency modulated light source to generate the frequency modulated waveform.

5. The distributed lidar system of claim 1 , wherein the housing of the signal processing unit is coupled to a shock and vibration resistant mounting.

6. The distributed lidar system of claim 1 , the signal processing unit further comprising:
an optical router in the housing, the optical router configured to switch between the first optical input and the second optical input.

7. The distributed lidar system of claim 1 , further comprising:
an optical router separate from the housing, the optical router configured to switch between the first optical input and the second optical input.

8. The distributed lidar system of claim 1 , the at least one waveguide comprising:
a first waveguide that provides optical communication between the frequency modulated light source in the housing and the first optical scanner; and
a second waveguide that provides optical communication between the first optical input and the receiver in the housing.

9. The distributed lidar system of claim 1 , the first optical input further configured to direct the reflected frequency modulated waveform to the waveguide.

10. The distributed lidar system of claim 1 , wherein a position from which the frequency modulated waveform leaves the first optical scanner and a position at which the reflected frequency modulated waveform encounters the first optical input are coaxial.

11. The distributed lidar system of claim 1 , wherein the first optical scanner and the first optical input are fabricated on a common surface.

12. The distributed lidar system of claim 1 , wherein the signal processing unit and the first optical head lack electrical communication therebetween.

13. The distributed lidar system of claim 1 being in a vehicle.

14. A vehicle, comprising:
a distributed lidar system, comprising:
a signal processing unit in a housing, the signal processing unit comprising:
a frequency modulated light source in the housing, the frequency modulated light source configured to provide a frequency modulated waveform; and
a receiver in the housing, the receiver configured to transform a reflected frequency modulated waveform into an electrical signal; and

a first optical head at a first location in the vehicle separate from the housing, the first optical head comprising:
a first optical scanner in optical communication with the frequency modulated light source, the first optical scanner configured to transmit the frequency modulated waveform into an environment; and
a first optical input in optical communication with the receiver, the first optical input configured to receive the reflected frequency modulated waveform from the environment;

a second optical head at a second location in the vehicle separate from the housing, the second optical head comprising:
a second optical scanner in optical communication with the frequency modulated light source; and
a second optical input in optical communication with the receiver;

at least one waveguide that provides optical communication between the signal processing unit and the first optical head; and
at least one differing waveguide that provides optical communication between the signal processing unit and the second optical head.

15. The vehicle of claim 14 , further comprising:
an optical connector;
wherein a secondary vehicle is coupled to the vehicle, the secondary vehicle comprising a third optical head, the third optical head comprising:
a third optical scanner in optical communication with the frequency modulated light source via the optical connector of the vehicle; and
a third optical input in optical communication with the receiver via the optical connector of the vehicle.

16. The vehicle of claim 14 , wherein at least one of the first optical head or the second optical head is behind a front grill of the vehicle.

17. The vehicle of claim 14 , wherein at least one of the first optical head or the second optical head is in a door of the vehicle.

18. The vehicle of claim 14 , wherein at least one of the first optical head or the second optical head is in a bumper assembly of the vehicle.

19. An autonomous vehicle, comprising:
a distributed lidar system, comprising:
a signal processing unit in a housing, the signal processing unit comprising:
a frequency modulated light source in the housing, the frequency modulated light source configured to provide a frequency modulated waveform;
a receiver in the housing, the receiver configured to transform a reflected frequency modulated waveform into an electronic signal;
a controller in the housing, the controller configured to derive information indicative of a distance to an object in an environment based on the electrical signal; and

a first optical head at a first location in the autonomous vehicle separate from the housing, the first optical head comprising:
a first optical scanner in optical communication with the frequency modulated light source, the first optical scanner configured to transmit the frequency modulated waveform into the environment; and
a first optical input in optical communication with the receiver, the first optical input configured to receive the reflected frequency modulated waveform from the environment;

a second optical head at a second location in the autonomous vehicle separate from the housing, the second optical head comprising:
a second optical scanner in optical communication with

Assignees

• Gm Global Tech Operations Llc

Inventors

• Singer Scott
• Maleki Lutfollah

Classifications

• G01S17/931 Primary

  of land vehicles · CPC title

• G01S17/34

  using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal · CPC title

• G01S17/87

  Combinations of systems using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves · CPC title

• G01S17/26

  wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency-modulated or phase-modulated carrier wave, e.g. for pulse compression of received signals · CPC title

• G01S7/4818

  using optical fibres · CPC title