Burner, combustor, and gas turbine

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10837641-B2
Application number	US-201515539314-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Dec 25, 2015
Priority date	Dec 25, 2014
Publication date	Nov 17, 2020
Grant date	Nov 17, 2020

Abstract

The present invention provides a burner, a combustor equipped with the burner, and a gas turbine, with which it is possible to premix a first hydrocarbon-based fuel (for example, natural gas), a second fuel (for example, hydrogen gas), and combustion air, and to spray into the combustion chamber of the combustor a thin and uniform concentration distribution of the premixed air, and with which it is possible to suppress the amount of NOx discharged. On the upstream side of the premix flow path, hydrogen gas is sprayed from second fuel spray nozzles, which project into the premix flow path, into the flow of the combustion air flowing toward the center from the outer edge of an outer cylinder, whereby a primary air-fuel mixture having a uniform concentration distribution is generated without affecting a low-speed region of the combustion air. Natural gas is then sprayed from first fuel spray nozzles into the primary air-fuel mixture, whereby the natural gas, which has a high specific gravity, and the primary air-fuel mixture are adequately mixed in a stirring fashion, and a secondary air-fuel mixture (premixed air) is generated that is lean and has a more uniform concentration distribution than the first air-fuel mixture. By combusting this type of premixed air in the combustion chamber, NOx in the combustion exhaust gas can be suppressed.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A burner mixing a combustion air introduced into a premixing flow path from an upstream side of the burner and a first fuel and a second fuel in the premixing flow path to generate a premixed gas and injecting the premixed gas from a downstream side of the burner radially inwards into a combustion chamber for combustion, the burner comprising:
an outer cylinder having the premixing flow path formed inside and extending from an upstream-side end to the downstream side;
a first air introduction part which supplies the combustion air from an outer edge of the outer cylinder towards the center of the outer cylinder on the upstream-side end of the premixing flow path;
a first fuel introduction part which introduces the first fuel into the premixing flow path along a center line of the outer cylinder; and
a second fuel introduction part which introduces the second fuel having a specific gravity smaller than the first fuel into the premixing flow path, the second fuel being different from the first fuel,
wherein the second fuel introduction part is formed projecting from the upstream-side end of the premixing flow path toward the downstream side into the premixing flow path,
wherein the second fuel introduction part has a plurality of second fuel injection nozzles injecting the second fuel to the combustion air introduced from the first air introduction part,
wherein the second fuel is injected from the second fuel injection nozzles to the combustion air to generate a primary air-fuel mixture, and
wherein the first fuel is introduced from the first fuel introduction part to the primary air-fuel mixture to generate the premixed gas,
wherein the premixed gas is ejected into the combustion chamber for combustion.

2. The burner according to claim 1 , wherein the first fuel introduction part has a first fuel injection nozzle projecting concentrically with the outer cylinder from the upstream-side end portion of the premixing flow path into the premixing flow path and injecting the first fuel toward the outer edge of the outer cylinder.

3. The burner according to claim 1 , comprising a straightening protrusion part projecting concentrically with the outer cylinder from the upstream-side end of the premixing flow path into the premixing flow path,
wherein the first fuel introduction part is formed in the upstream-side end of the premixing flow path towards the outer edge relative to the straightening protrusion part, and
wherein the first fuel introduction part has a plurality of first fuel injection holes injecting the first fuel in a direction inclined toward the outer edge of the premixing flow path.

4. The burner according to claim 1 , comprising a straightening protrusion part projecting concentrically with the outer cylinder from the upstream-side end of the premixing flow path into the premixing flow path,
wherein the first fuel introduction part includes a plurality of first fuel injection nozzles injecting the first fuel from the outer edge toward the center of the outer cylinder towards the downstream side relative to the first air introduction part.

5. The burner according to claim 1 , comprising a second air introduction part introducing an additional portion of the combustion air from the outer edge of the outer cylinder into the premixing flow path, towards the downstream side relative to the first air introduction part.

6. The burner according to claim 5 ,
wherein the outer cylinder is made up of a first cylindrical body on the upstream side and a second cylindrical body on the downstream side arranged coaxially with each other,
wherein the first cylindrical body and the second cylindrical body are arranged to partially overlap along the center line, and
wherein the second air introduction part is defined by the first cylindrical body and the second cylindrical body and is an annular gap gradually decreasing in diameter from the upstream side to the downstream side.

7. The burner according to claim 1 , wherein the first fuel is a natural gas or a liquefied natural gas, and wherein the second fuel is a hydrogen gas or a hydrogen-containing gas.

8. A combustor of a gas turbine comprising:
a combustion cylinder forming a combustion chamber combusting a fuel;
a premixing type main burner disposed upstream of the combustion cylinder; and
a reheating burner disposed through a downstream-side circumferential wall portion of the combustion cylinder,
wherein the reheating burner is a burner for mixing a combustion air introduced into a premixing flow path from an upstream side of the burner and a first fuel and a second fuel in the premixing flow path to generate a premixed gas and injecting the premixed gas from a downstream side of the burner radially inwards into a combustion chamber for combustion, the burner comprising
an outer cylinder having the premixing flow path formed inside and extending from an upstream-side end to the downstream side;
a first air introduction part which supplies the combustion air from an outer edge of the outer cylinder towards the center of the outer cylinder on the upstream-side end of the premixing flow path;
a first fuel introduction part which introduces the first fuel into the premixing flow path along a center line of the outer cylinder; and
a second fuel introduction part which introduces the second fuel having a specific gravity smaller than the first fuel into the premixing flow path, the second fuel being different from the first fuel,
wherein the second fuel introduction part is formed projecting from the upstream-side end portion of the premixing flow path toward the downstream side into the premixing flow path,
wherein the second fuel introduction part has a plurality of second fuel injection nozzles injecting the second fuel to the combustion air introduced from the first air introduction part,
wherein the second fuel is injected from the second fuel injection nozzles to the combustion air to generate a primary air-fuel mixture, and
wherein the first fuel is introduced from the first fuel introduction part to the primary air-fuel mixture to generate the premixed gas,
wherein the premixed gas is ejected into the combustion chamber for combustion.

9. The combustor according to claim 8 , wherein the first fuel introduction part has a first fuel injection nozzle projecting concentrically with the outer cylinder from the upstream-side end portion of the premixing flow path into the premixing flow path and injecting the first fuel toward the outer edge of the outer cylinder.

10. The combustor according to claim 8 , comprising a straightening protrusion part projecting concentrically with the outer cylinder from the upstream-side end of the premixing flow path into the premixing flow path,
wherein the first fuel introduction part is formed in the upstream-side end of the premixing flow path towards the outer edge relative to the straightening protrusion part, and
wherein the first fuel introduction part has a plurality of first fuel injection holes injecting the first fuel in a direction inclined toward the outer edge of the premixing flow path.

11. The combustor according to claim 8 , comprising a straightening protrusion part projecting concentrically with the outer cylinder from the upstream-side end of the premixing flow path into the premixing flow path,
wherein the first fuel introduction part includes a plurality of first fuel injection nozzles injecting the first fuel from the outer edge toward the center of the outer cylinder towards the downstream side relative to the first air introduction part.

12. The combustor according to claim 8 , comprising a second air introductio

Assignees

• Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd

Inventors

• Ogata Masahiro
• Oda Takeo
• Kinoshita Yasuhiro
• Hirano Kohshi
• Uto Takahiro

Classifications

• F23R3/30

  comprising fuel prevapourising devices · CPC title

• F23R2900/00002

  Gas turbine combustors adapted for fuels having low heating value [LHV] · CPC title

• F02C9/40

  specially adapted to the use of a special fuel or a plurality of fuels · CPC title

• F23R3/28

  characterised by the fuel supply (burners F23D) · CPC title

• F23R3/34

  Feeding into different combustion zones · CPC title