Compressor flow extraction apparatus and methods for supercritical CO2 oxy-combustion power generation system

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10787963-B2
Application number	US-201615104940-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	May 16, 2016
Priority date	May 14, 2015
Publication date	Sep 29, 2020
Grant date	Sep 29, 2020

Abstract

A power generation system burns a fuel in a gas in a combustion chamber, producing one or more combustion products and heating a working fluid, preferably supercritical CO2, that is chemically the same as a combustion product. The working fluid is mixed with the combustion products to form a combustion output mixture which is used in a turbine to drive a shaft of the turbine connected with a generator, producing electricity. The turbine outputs an exhaust that goes to a working fluid recycling system that connects the turbine outlet with the combustion chamber. The fluid recycling system has a radial compressor that receives and pressurizes the exhaust mixture and sends it to a chamber that has a bleed outlet and a recycling outlet. The recycling outlet transmits a recycled portion of the exhaust mixture to the combustion chamber, and the bleed outlet carries an excess portion of the exhaust mixture that is not to be recycled to an extraction system that removes it from the power generation system for use in other applications.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A power generation system comprising:
a fuel source supplying a fuel;
a gas source supplying a gas;
a combustion apparatus having inlets receiving the fuel and the gas, wherein combustion of the fuel with the gas takes place in the combustion apparatus and produces one or more combustion products;
said combustion apparatus also receiving a working fluid that is chemically the same as one or more of said combustion products, and mixing the working fluid with the combustion products so as to produce a combustion output mixture that has been heated by the combustion of the fuel;
a turbine receiving the combustion output mixture and using said combustion output mixture to rotate a shaft of the turbine, said turbine outputting at a turbine outlet a turbine output mixture derived from the combustion output mixture;
a generator operatively connected with the shaft and driven thereby, said generator converting rotation of the shaft into electrical energy and outputting the electrical energy;
a working fluid recycling system connecting the turbine outlet with the combustion apparatus, said fluid recycling system comprising
a compressor receiving the turbine output mixture via one or more heat exchangers and increasing the pressure thereof so as to yield a pressurized mixture;
said compressor transmitting the pressurized mixture to a dividing structure having a bleed outlet and a recycling outlet;
said recycling outlet connecting with the combustion apparatus via said one or more heat exchangers and transmitting thereto a recycled portion of the pressurized mixture; and
the bleed outlet carrying a second portion of the pressurized mixture that is not in the recycled portion to an extraction system that removes the second portion of the pressurized mixture from the power generation system; and
wherein the bleed outlet has a slot, a series of a plurality of intermittent slots or an annular space extending generally circumferentially of the compressor.

2. The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is a carbon-containing fuel.

3. The power generation system of claim 2 , wherein the gas is an oxygen-containing gas.

4. The power generation system of claim 3 , wherein the working fluid contains CO 2 .

5. The power generation system of claim 4 , wherein the extraction system stores the CO 2 extracted from the system under pressure in one or more containers or supplies CO 2 extracted to an external application.

6. The power generation system of claim 3 , wherein the combustion output mixture is a mixture of water and CO 2 .

7. The power generation system of claim 6 , wherein the turbine extracts energy from the combustion output mixture to rotate the shaft, and the turbine output mixture is a mixture of water and CO 2 at a lower temperature or pressure than the combustion output mixture.

8. The power generation system of claim 6 , wherein the water in the turbine output mixture is removed before transmission of the turbine output mixture to the compressor.

9. The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the combustion apparatus includes a structure that supplies the fuel and the gas to a combustion flame zone where the combustion takes place, and a liner surrounding the combustion flame zone, said working fluid being heated by contact with an outer surface of the liner and mixing with the combustion products as the combustion products leave the liner.

10. The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more heat exchangers transfer heat from the turbine output mixture to the recycled portion of the pressurized mixture before transmission thereof to the combustion apparatus.

11. The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the compressor comprises a mixed-flow compressor stage having an impeller fixedly supported on the shaft so as to rotate therewith;
said impeller having a radially outwardly-sloping outwardly-disposed concave surface of rotation about a rotational axis about which the shaft rotates, and a plurality of blades extending outwardly from said concave surface;
said blades having an outer edge extending adjacent and spaced from an inside surface of a stationary housing surrounding the impeller.

12. The power generation system of claim 11 , wherein said blades each have an intake end angled forward in a direction of rotation of the impeller and an outward end that is perpendicular to the direction of rotation.

13. The power generation system of claim 11 , wherein said blades each have an intake end angled forward in a direction of rotation of the impeller and an outward end that is angled rearward relative to the direction of rotation of the impeller.

14. The power generation system of claim 1 , and
said compressor further comprising axial compressor stages receiving the recycled portion of the pressurized mixture and comprising a set of blades extending outwardly from a rotating portion of the compressor and a set of vanes extending inward from a stationary outer structure that are cooperative with the set of blades so as to increase pressure of said recycled portion of the pressurized mixture.

15. The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein a counter-flow recuperative heat exchanger receives said recycled portion of the pressurized mixture and a second compressor imparts thereto an increase in pressure.

16. The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is a hydrocarbon fuel.

17. The power generation system of claim 16 , wherein the gas is 100% O 2 .

18. The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is CH 4 .

19. The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the gas is an oxygen-containing gas.

20. The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the working fluid is 100% CO 2 .

21. The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the working fluid is supercritical CO 2 .

22. A turbine-based system employing a Brayton cycle employing supercritical CO 2 as a working fluid, said system comprising:
a compressor assembly having a structure defining an annular inlet space to which a first portion of a CO 2 mixture is supplied from a heat exchanger that cools said first portion of the CO 2 mixture, said compressor assembly further including
a first compressor driven by a turbine and receiving said first portion of the CO 2 mixture from the annular inlet space, applying an increased pressure thereto, and transmitting a resulting pressurized CO 2 mixture to a generally annular separation space communicating with a recycling structure having a recycling passage configured such that a recycled portion of the pressurized CO 2 mixture proceeds therethrough, and with a bleed structure having a bleed passage through which a bled portion of the pressurized CO 2 mixture proceeds to a CO 2 extraction system that removes the bled portion of the pressurized CO 2 mixture from the turbine-based system and Brayton cycle;
a second compressor driven by the turbine and receiving a second portion of the CO 2 mixture from a counter flow recuperative heat exchanger and applying an increased pressure thereto and transmitting the second portion of the CO 2 portion with the recycled portion of the pressurized CO 2 mixture as the working fluid for the turbine via a series of recuperative heat exchangers and a combustor;
the turbine driving a shaft having an axis of rotation; and
the bleed structure being a first housing portion supported stationary relative to the shaft, and defining the bleed pass

Assignees

• Univ Central Florida Res Found Inc

Inventors

• Amos David
• Kapat Jayanta
• Nagaiah Narasimha
• Khadse Akshay

Classifications

• F02C3/08

  the compressor comprising at least one radial stage (F02C3/10 takes precedence) · CPC title

• F01K25/103

  Carbon dioxide (F01K25/065 takes precedence) · CPC title

• F02C9/18

  by bleeding, bypassing or acting on variable working fluid interconnections between turbines or compressors or their stages {(F02C3/113 takes precedence)} · CPC title

• F02C3/04

  having a turbine driving a compressor (power transmission arrangements F02C7/36; control of working fluid flow F02C9/16) · CPC title

• F02C3/34 Primary

  with recycling of part of the working fluid, i.e. semi-closed cycles with combustion products in the closed part of the cycle · CPC title