High-power and fast-chargeable lithium battery

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10734671-B2
Application number	US-201816101908-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Aug 13, 2018
Priority date	Aug 13, 2018
Publication date	Aug 4, 2020
Grant date	Aug 4, 2020

Abstract

Provided is a lithium-ion battery containing an anode, a cathode, a porous separator, and an electrolyte, wherein the cathode comprises particles of a cathode active material that are packed together to form a cathode active material layer having interstitial spaces to accommodate a lithium ion receptor disposed therein and configured to receive lithium ions from the anode and enable lithium ions to enter the particles in a time-delayed manner, wherein the receptor comprises lithium-capturing groups selected from (a) redox forming species that reversibly form a redox pair with a lithium ion when the battery is charged; (b) electron-donating groups interspaced between non-electron-donating groups; (c) anions and cations wherein the anions are less or more mobile than the cations; (d) chemical reducing groups that partially reduce lithium ions from Li+1 to Li+δ, wherein 0<δ<1; (e) an ionic liquid; or (f) a combination thereof.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A lithium secondary battery containing an anode, a cathode, a porous separator or membrane disposed between said anode and said cathode, and an electrolyte, wherein said cathode comprises particles of a cathode active material that are packed together to form a cathode active material layer having interstitial spaces to accommodate a lithium ion receptor disposed therein and configured to receive lithium ions from said anode through said porous separator when said battery is discharged and enable said lithium ions to enter said particles of cathode active material in a time-delayed manner, wherein said lithium ion receptor comprises lithium-capturing groups dispersed in a fluid residing in said interstitial spaces and said lithium-capturing groups are selected from (a) redox forming species that reversibly form a redox pair with a lithium ion when said battery is discharged; (b) electron-accepting groups interspaced between non-electron-accepting groups; (c) anions and cations wherein the anions are less mobile than the cations; (d) chemical reducing groups that partially reduces lithium ions from Li +1 to Li +δ , wherein 0<δ<1; (e) an ionic liquid; or (f) a combination thereof.

2. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein said anode comprises particles of an anode active material that are packed together to form an anode active material layer having interstitial spaces to accommodate a lithium ion reservoir disposed therein and configured to receive lithium ions from said cathode through said porous separator when said battery is charged and enable said lithium ions to enter said particles of anode active material in a time-delayed manner, wherein said lithium ion reservoir comprises lithium-capturing groups dispersed in a fluid residing in said interstitial spaces and said lithium-capturing groups are selected from (a) redox forming species that reversibly form a redox pair with a lithium ion when said battery is charged; (b) electron-donating groups interspaced between non-electron-donating groups; (c) anions and cations wherein the anions are more mobile than the cations; (d) chemical reducing groups that partially reduce lithium ions from Li +1 to Li +δ , wherein 0<δ<1; (e) an ionic liquid; (f) borate salt or phosphate salt; or (g) a combination thereof.

3. The lithium secondary battery of claim 2 , wherein said borate salt or phosphate is selected from the group consisting of lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB, LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ), lithium bis(malonato)borate (LiBMB), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide (LiTFSI), lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiFOB, LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 )), lithium tetraborate (LiB 4 O 7 ), a borate oxide (B 2 O 3 )-forming species, lithium phosphate (LiPO 4 ), lithium pyrophosphate (LiP 2 O 7 ), lithium triphosphate (LiP 3 O 10 ), a phosphate oxide (P 2 O 5 )-forming species, and combinations thereof.

4. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein said interstitial spaces occupy a volume fraction from 20% to 75% of said cathode active material layer or the lithium ion capturing groups occupy from 5% to 60% by volume of the cathode active material layer.

5. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein said cathode active material layer contains no resin binder that bonds the particles of active material together.

6. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein said cathode active material layer contains an electrically conductive porous layer having pores to accommodate said particles of cathode active material and said electrically conductive porous layer and said cathode active material layer substantially have the same dimension.

7. The lithium secondary battery of claim 6 , wherein said electrically conductive porous layer is selected from the group consisting of metal foam, metal web or screen, perforated metal sheet-based structure, metal fiber mat, metal nanowire mat, conductive polymer nanofiber mat, conductive polymer foam, conductive polymer-coated fiber foam, carbon foam, graphite foam, carbon aerogel, carbon xerogel, graphene foam, graphene oxide foam, reduced graphene oxide foam, carbon fiber foam, graphite fiber foam, exfoliated graphite foam, and combinations thereof.

8. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium-capturing group is selected from a molecule having a core or backbone structure and at least a side group that contains an ionic or electron rich group; wherein the core or backbone structure contains an aryl, heterocycloalkyl, crown etheryl, cyclamyl, cyclenyl, 1,4,7-triazacyclononayl, hexacyclenyl, cryptandyl, naphtalenyl, antracenyl, phenantrenyl, tetracenyl, chrysenyl, tryphenylenyl, pyrenyl, pentacenyl, single-benzene or cyclic structure, double-benzene or bi-cyclic structure, or multiple-cyclic structure having 3-10 benzene rings and wherein the side group comprises CO 2 H, CO 2 M 1 , CO 2 R, SO 3 H, SO 3 M 1 , PO 3 H 2 , PO 3 M 1 2 , PO 3 M 1 H, PO 4 H 2 , PO 4 M 1 2 , PO 4 M 1 H, PO 4 M 2 , C(O)NHOH, NH 2 , NHR, N(R) 2 , NO 2 , COOR, CHO, CH 2 OH, OH, OR, SH, SR, C(O)N(R) 2 , C(O)NHR, C(O)NH 2 , halide, tosylate, mesylate, SO 2 NHR, triflate, isocyanate, cyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, R, cyano, CF 3 , or Si(OR) 3 ; wherein R is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or benzyl; M 1 is selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs; and M 2 is selected from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba.

9. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein said redox pair with lithium is selected from the group consisting of lithium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, lithium 3,5-dicarboxybenzenesulfonate, lithium 2,6-dimethylbenzene-1,4-disulfonate, 3,3′-((1,2-dithiane-4,5-diyl)bis(oxy))bis(N-hydroxypropanamide), 3,3′-((4-mercapto-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(N-hydroxypropanamide), lithium aniline sulfonate, poly(lithium-4-styrenesulfonate), lithium sulfate, lithium phosphate, lithium phosphate monobasic, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctane-1-sulfonate, lithium 2,6-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-disulfonate, lithium aniline sulfonate, poly(lithium-4-styrenesulfonate, and combinations thereof.

10. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein said lithium ion-capturing group contains a salt that is dissociated into an anion and a cation in a liquid medium wherein said salt is selected from the group consisting of Li 2 CO 3 , Li 2 O, Li 2 C 2 O 4 , LiOH, LiX, ROCO 2 Li, HCOLi, ROLi, (ROCO 2 Li) 2 , (CH 2 OCO 2 Li) 2 , Li 2 S, Li x SO y , Na 2 CO 3 , Na 2 O, Na 2 C 2 O 4 , NaOH, NaX, ROCO 2 Na, HCONa, RONa, (ROCO 2 Na) 2 , (CH 2 OCO 2 Na) 2 , Na 2 S, Na x SO y , and combinations thereof, wherein X=F, Cl, I, or Br, R=a hydrocarbon group, 0<x≤1 and 1≤y≤4 and wherein said liquid medium to dissolve the salt contains selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), tetraethylene glycol dimethylether (TEGDME), poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDME), diethylene glycol dibutyl ether (DEGDBE), 2-ethoxyethyl ether (EEE), sulfone, sulfolane, ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methylethyl carbonate (MEC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, propylene carbonate (PC), gamma-butyrolactone (γ-BL), acetonitrile (AN), ethyl acetate (EA), propyl formate (PF), methyl formate (MF), toluene, xylene, methyl acetate (MA), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylene carbonate (VC), allyl ethyl carbonate (AEC), a hydrofluoroether, hydrofluoro ether (HFE), trifluoro propylene carbonate (FPC), methyl nonafluorobutyl ether (MFE), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TTSPi), triallyl phosphate (TAP), ethylene sulfate (DTD), 1,3-propane sultone (

Assignees

• Nanotek Instruments Inc
• Global Graphene Group Inc

Inventors

• Zhamu Aruna
• Jang Bor Z

Classifications

• Y02P70/50

  Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product · CPC title

• Y02E60/10

  Energy storage using batteries · CPC title

• H01M4/621

  Binders · CPC title

• H01M10/0459

  Cells or batteries with folded separator between plate-like electrodes · CPC title

• H01M4/663

  containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres · CPC title