Lithium secondary battery

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10651474-B2
Application number	US-201815915982-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Mar 8, 2018
Priority date	Jul 14, 2016
Publication date	May 12, 2020
Grant date	May 12, 2020

Abstract

A lithium secondary battery has a positive electrode, an electrolyte containing lithium ions, and a negative electrode current collector having a surface on which a lithium metal or a lithium alloy is deposited/dissolved. In the surface of the negative electrode current collector, a group comprising at least one region whose principal crystal plane is a close-packed plane of the crystal structure or an off plane having an off-angle of 20° or less with respect to the close-packed plane occupies the largest area among three or four groups each comprising at least one region having a principal crystal plane three of whose Miller indices are each represented by 0 or 1 or an off-plane having an off-angle of 20° or less with respect to the principal crystal plane, the principal crystal plane being different for each of the three or four groups.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A lithium secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode;
an electrolyte comprising lithium ions; and
a negative electrode current collector having a surface on which a lithium metal or a lithium alloy is deposited/dissolved, wherein
the negative electrode current collector has a crystal structure,
in the surface of the negative electrode current collector, a group comprising at least one region whose principal crystal plane is a close-packed plane of the crystal structure or an off plane having an off-angle of 20° or less with respect to the close-packed plane occupies the largest area among three or four groups each comprising at least one region having a principal crystal plane three of whose Miller indices are each represented by 0 or 1 or an off-plane having an off-angle of 20° or less with respect to the principal crystal plane, the principal crystal plane being different for each of the three or four groups,
a material of the negative electrode current collector contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Fe, Ti, W, Ta, and Zn, stainless steel, or graphite, and
the crystal structure is a face-centered cubic lattice structure,
the close-packed plane is a {111} plane, and
the principal crystal planes other than the close-packed plane are each a {001} plane or a {101} plane.

2. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , further comprising the lithium metal or the lithium alloy deposited on the negative electrode current collector.

3. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the lithium metal or the lithium alloy is composed of a plurality of particles of hemispherical shape when the lithium secondary battery is in a charged state, and
a standard deviation of diameters of the plurality of particles is 0.01 or more and 0.05 or less.

4. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the off-angle is 15° or less with respect to the principal crystal plane.

5. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 4 , wherein
the lithium metal or the lithium alloy is composed of a plurality of particles of hemispherical shape when the lithium secondary battery is in a charged state, and
an average diameter of the plurality of particles is 120 nm or more and 200 nm or less.

6. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 4 , wherein
the lithium metal or the lithium alloy is composed of a plurality of particles of hemispherical shape when the lithium secondary battery is in a charged state, and
a standard deviation of diameters of the plurality of particles is 0.01 or more and 0.04 or less.

7. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the off-angle is less than 5° with respect to the principal crystal plane.

8. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 7 , wherein
the lithium metal or the lithium alloy is composed of a plurality of particles of hemispherical shape when the lithium secondary battery is in a charged state, and
an average diameter of the plurality of particles is 120 nm or more and 160 nm or less.

9. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 7 , wherein
the lithium metal or the lithium alloy is composed of a plurality of particles of hemispherical shape when the lithium secondary battery is in a charged state, and
a standard deviation of diameters of the plurality of particles is 0.01 or more and 0.03 or less.

10. A lithium secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode;
an electrolyte comprising lithium ions; and
a negative electrode current collector having a surface on which a lithium metal or a lithium alloy is deposited/dissolved, wherein
the negative electrode current collector has a crystal structure,
in the surface of the negative electrode current collector, a group comprising at least one region whose principal crystal plane is a close-packed plane of the crystal structure or an off plane having an off-angle of 20° or less with respect to the close-packed plane occupies the largest area among three or four groups each comprising at least one region having a principal crystal plane three of whose Miller indices are each represented by 0 or 1 or an off-plane having an off-angle of 20° or less with respect to the principal crystal plane, the principal crystal plane being different for each of the three or four groups,
a material of the negative electrode current collector contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Fe, Ti, W, Ta, and Zn, stainless steel, or graphite,
the crystal structure is a body-centered cubic lattice structure,
the close-packed plane is a {110} plane, and
the principal crystal planes other than the close-packed plane are each a {001} plane or a {111} plane.

11. A lithium secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode;
an electrolyte comprising lithium ions; and
a negative electrode current collector having a surface on which a lithium metal or a lithium alloy is deposited/dissolved, wherein
the negative electrode current collector has a crystal structure,
in the surface of the negative electrode current collector, a group comprising at least one region whose principal crystal plane is a close-packed plane of the crystal structure or an off plane having an off-angle of 20° or less with respect to the close-packed plane occupies the largest area among three or four groups each comprising at least one region having a principal crystal plane three of whose Miller indices are each represented by 0 or 1 or an off-plane having an off-angle of 20° or less with respect to the principal crystal plane, the principal crystal plane being different for each of the three or four groups,
a material of the negative electrode current collector contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Fe, Ti, W, Ta, and Zn, stainless steel, or graphite,
the crystal structure is a hexagonal close-packed structure,
the close-packed plane is a {0001} plane, and
the principal crystal planes other than the close-packed plane are each a {10-10} plane, a {10-11} plane, or a {11-20} plane.

12. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the negative electrode current collector is a polycrystal, and
each of the plurality of regions corresponds to one crystal grain.

13. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 10 , further comprising the lithium metal or the lithium alloy deposited on the negative electrode current collector.

14. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 10 , wherein
the lithium metal or the lithium alloy is composed of a plurality of particles of hemispherical shape when the lithium secondary battery is in a charged state, and
a standard deviation of diameters of the plurality of particles is 0.01 or more and 0.05 or less.

15. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 10 , wherein the off-angle is 15° or less with respect to the principal crystal plane.

16. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 15 , wherein
the lithium metal or the lithium alloy is composed of a plurality of particles of hemispherical shape when the lithium secondary battery is in a charged state, and
an average diameter of the plurality of particles is 120 nm or more and 200 nm or less.

17. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 15 , wherein
the lithium metal or the lithium alloy is composed of a plurality of particles of hemispherical shape when the lithium secondary battery is in a charged state, and
a standard deviation of diameters of the plurality of particles is 0.01 or more and 0.

Assignees

• Panasonic Corp

Inventors

• Ujihara Toru
• Ishikawa Kohei

Classifications

• H01M4/1395

  of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys · CPC title

• H01M4/75

  Wires, rods or strips · CPC title

• H01M4/134

  Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys · CPC title

• H01M10/0525

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title

• H01M4/661 Primary

  Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings (H01M4/669 take precedence) · CPC title