Transducers and acoustic emitters for fiber-optic-based acoustic sensing

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10612368-B2
Application number	US-201615543105-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jan 14, 2016
Priority date	Jan 19, 2015
Publication date	Apr 7, 2020
Grant date	Apr 7, 2020

Abstract

Mechanical acoustic actuators and methods for using these actuators to generate controlled acoustic signals to measure silent or quiet parameters are provided. One example method includes using fluid flows (whistle) and/or mechanical shocks between solids (bells) to stimulate the actuators, either proportionally from the parameter targeted for measurement or artificially modulated to create emitters. Some aspects provide for usage of the actuators within an oil and gas well or a fluid conduit, including in combination with arrays of acoustic sensors, to perform sonar array processing monitoring of acoustic wave propagation to derive properties of the media traversed.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A method of measuring a non-acoustic parameter, comprising:
sensing the non-acoustic parameter with a mechanical transducer configured to generate an acoustic signal related to the non-acoustic parameter;
detecting the generated acoustic signal with an acoustic sensing system; and
determining a value of the non-acoustic parameter based on the detected acoustic signal, wherein:
the mechanical transducer comprises a nozzle configured to emit sound as fluid flows therethrough;
the nozzle comprises a gap;
the sound is emitted from the gap;
the gap comprises an upper lip comprising a first material having a first thermal expansion coefficient and a lower lip comprising a second material having a second thermal expansion coefficient that is different from the first thermal expansion coefficient; and
the determination of the value of the non-acoustic parameter is based on a frequency of the emitted sound.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the determination of the value of the non-acoustic parameter is based on an amplitude of the emitted sound.

3. A method of measuring a non-acoustic meter, comprising:
sensing the non-acoustic parameter with a mechanical transducer configured to generate an acoustic signal related to the non-acoustic parameter;
detecting the generated acoustic signal with an acoustic sensing system; and
determining a value of the non-acoustic parameter based on the detected acoustic signal, wherein:
the mechanical transducer is configured to emit sound in response to a mechanical shock on the mechanical transducer; and
the determination of the value of the non-acoustic parameter is based on the emitted sound.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein:
the mechanical transducer comprises a plurality of mechanical transducers, each mechanical transducer configured to emit sound at a different frequency in response to the mechanical shock; and
the determination of the value of the non-acoustic parameter is based on the frequency of the emitted sound.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-acoustic parameter comprises at least one of flow rate, temperature, multi-phase flow properties, in-flow characterization, crack geometry in frack zones, casing cracks, pump vibration amplitude, valve position, or degree of valve openness.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determination of the value of the non-acoustic parameter is based on propagation of the generated acoustic signal through a medium via sonar array processing.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
controlling a non-acoustic parameter to cause the mechanical transducer to generate the acoustic signal related to the non-acoustic parameter.

8. An apparatus for measuring a non-acoustic parameter, comprising:
means for mechanically sensing the non-acoustic parameter and generating an acoustic signal related to the non-acoustic parameter;
means for detecting the generated acoustic signal; and
means for determining a value of the non-acoustic parameter based on the detected acoustic signal, wherein:
the means for mechanically sensing and generating comprises means for emitting sound in response to a mechanical shock on the mechanical transducer; and
the means for determining is configured to determine the value of the non-acoustic parameter based on the emitted sound.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein:
the means for mechanically sensing and generating comprises means for emitting sound as fluid flows therethrough; and
the means for determining is configured to determine the value of the non-acoustic parameter based on at least one of a frequency or an amplitude of the emitted sound.

10. The apparatus of claim 8 , further comprising:
means for controlling a non-acoustic parameter to cause the means for mechanically sensing and generating to generate the acoustic signal related to the non-acoustic parameter.

11. A system for measuring a non-acoustic parameter, comprising:
a mechanical transducer configured to sense the non-acoustic parameter and generate an acoustic signal in relation to the non-acoustic parameter;
an acoustic sensing device configured to detect the generated acoustic signal; and
at least one processor configured to analyze the detected acoustic signal to determine a value of the non-acoustic parameter, wherein:
the mechanical transducer comprises a nozzle configured to emit sound as fluid flows therethrough;
the nozzle comprises a gap;
the sound is emitted from the gap;
the gap comprises an upper lip comprising a first material having a first thermal expansion coefficient and a lower lip comprising a second material having a second thermal expansion coefficient that is different from the first thermal expansion coefficient; and
the determination of the value of the non-acoustic parameter is based on a frequency of the emitted sound.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the determination of the value of the non-acoustic parameter is based on an amplitude of the emitted sound.

13. A system for measuring a non-acoustic parameter, comprising:
a mechanical transducer configured to sense the non-acoustic parameter and generate an acoustic signal in relation to the non-acoustic parameter;
an acoustic sensing device configured to detect the generated acoustic signal; and
at least one processor configured to analyze the detected acoustic signal to determine a value of the non-acoustic parameter, wherein:
the mechanical transducer is configured to emit sound in response to a mechanical shock on the mechanical transducer; and
the processor is configured to determine the value of the non-acoustic parameter based on the emitted sound.

14. The system of claim 13 , wherein:
the system comprises a plurality of mechanical transducers, each configured to emit sound at a different frequency in response to the mechanical shock; and
the processor is configured to determine the value of the non-acoustic parameter based on the frequency of the emitted sound.

15. A system for measuring a non-acoustic parameter, comprising:
a mechanical transducer configured to sense the non-acoustic parameter and generate an acoustic signal in relation to the non-acoustic parameter;
an acoustic sensing device configured to detect the generated acoustic signal; and
at least one processor configured to analyze the detected acoustic signal to determine a value of the non-acoustic parameter, wherein:
the mechanical transducer is disposed in a conduit downhole; and
the non-acoustic parameter comprises at least one of flow rate, temperature, multi-phase flow properties, in-flow characterization, crack geometry in frack zones, casing cracks, pump vibration amplitude, valve position, or degree of valve openness.

16. The system of claim 11 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to analyze the detected acoustic signal based on propagation of the acoustic signal through a medium via sonar array processing.

17. The system of claim 11 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to control a non-acoustic parameter to cause the mechanical transducer to generate the acoustic signal related to the non-acoustic parameter.

18. A method of measuring a temperature, comprising:
sensing the temperature with a mechanical transducer configured to generate an acoustic signal related to the temperature, wherein:
the mechanical transducer comprises a nozzle having a gap, wherein the nozzle is configured to emit sound as fluid flows therethrough, the sound being emitted from the gap as the generated acoustic signal;

Assignees

• Weatherford Tech Holdings Llc

Inventors

• Vincelette Andre R
• Taverner Domino

Classifications

• G01N29/34

  Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves {, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor} · CPC title

• G01N29/2431

  using other means for acoustic excitation, e.g. heat, microwaves, electron beams (sound producing devices not otherwise provided for G10K15/04) · CPC title

• G01N29/12

  by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves {(measuring frequency or resonant frequency of mechanical vibrations or acoustic waves in general G01H1/06, G01H3/04, G01H13/00; acoustic resonators G10K11/04; vibration or shock testing of structures G01M7/00)} · CPC title

• G01F1/666 Primary

  by detecting noise and sounds generated by the flowing fluid · CPC title

• G01F1/366

  with mechanical or fluidic indication (G01F1/37 and G01F1/38 take precedence) · CPC title