System and method for distributed grid control with sub-cyclic local response capability

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10559975-B2
Application number	US-201815997292-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jun 4, 2018
Priority date	Feb 11, 2016
Publication date	Feb 11, 2020
Grant date	Feb 11, 2020

Abstract

Distributed static synchronous series compensators (DSSSCs) which may also be designated tower routers capable of injecting series inductive or capacitive impedances to enable distributed power-flow control. When a large number of these (a fleet of) DSSSCs are distributed over the grid for power-flow control, it is necessary to ensure that coordinated communication and control capabilities are also established, enabling fast reaction to changes that can exist across the grid. A system architecture and method for enabling localized high-speed low-latency intelligent control with communications between subsections (local network) of the grid along with communication to the central Grid operations center at the utility for supervisory control is disclosed herein. The architecture provides sub-cyclic (< 1/60 of a second) response capability, using the local DSSSCs with high-speed communication at the local network level to power-system disturbances, such as power-oscillation damping (POD), sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) etc.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A system for hierarchical monitoring and control for a high-voltage power grid comprising:
i) a plurality of high-voltage transmission lines carrying power from generation locations to distribution centers;
ii) a plurality of impedance injection modules distributed over, and coupled to, the high-voltage transmission lines of the power grid, each impedance injection module coupled to only one high voltage transmission line of the power grid, and comprises:
a controller that senses disturbances on the high-voltage transmission line and reacts by generating and injecting inductive and/or capacitive impedances of appropriate magnitude onto the high-voltage transmission line via an injection transformer coupled to the high-voltage transmission line; and
a transceiver for high-speed communication with other impedance injection modules within a local group of impedance injection modules to enable coordinated response of the other impedance injection modules within the respective local group of impedance injection modules to disturbances on the high-voltage transmission line;

iii) a group of local centers, each local center within the group of local centers having a high-speed transceiver for high-speed communication with impedance injection modules within a respective local group of impedance injection modules and with other local centers to enable coordinated response of all impedance injection modules associated with that group of local centers; and
iv) a communication link to and from a system utility, at each local center, for communication at a lower speed than the high-speed communication between impedance injection modules and between impedance injection modules and local centers.

2. The high-voltage power grid of claim 1 wherein the controller of each impedance injection module provides a sub-cyclic response capability of that impedance injection module.

3. The high-voltage power grid of claim 1 wherein the controller of each impedance injection module provides a sub-cyclic response capability of that impedance injection module and to other impedance injection modules within the local group of impedance injection modules using the high-speed communication between impedance injection modules within the respective local group.

4. A high-voltage power grid system with hierarchical control capability comprising:
a plurality of impedance injection modules distributed over and coupled to a plurality of high-voltage transmission lines, each impedance injection module having:
a controller that senses disturbances on the high-voltage transmission line, to which it is coupled, and reacts by generating and injecting inductive and/or capacitive impedances of appropriate magnitude onto the high-voltage transmission line via an injection transformer coupled to the high-voltage transmission line, the controller providing a sub-cyclic response capability of the respective impedance injection module; and
a transceiver for high-speed communication with other impedance-injection modules within a local group of impedance injection modules to enable coordinated response of the other impedance-injection modules within the respective local group of impedance injection modules to disturbances on the high-voltage transmission lines;
a group of local centers, each local center within the group of local centers having a high-speed transceiver for high-speed communication with impedance injection modules within a respective local group of impedance injection modules and with other local centers to enable coordinated response of all impedance-injection modules associated with that group of local centers; and
each local center further including a communication link to and from a system utility, to receive instructions from the system utility, provide feedback to the system utility, and coordinate activity across the grid when required.

5. The high-voltage power grid of claim 4 wherein the communication link to and from a system utility is for communication at a lower speed than the high-speed communication between impedance injection modules and between impedance injection modules and local centers.

6. The high-voltage power grid of claim 4 wherein the controller of each impedance injection module enables a sub-cyclic response capability to other impedance-injection modules within the local group of impedance injection modules, to sensed disturbances, using the high-speed communication between impedance-injection modules within the respective local group.

7. A high-voltage power grid having a distributed sensing and control ability with hierarchical supervision of the power grid comprising:
a plurality of impedance-injection modules distributed over and coupled to a plurality of high-voltage transmission lines of the high-voltage power grid, each impedance injection module having a capability to sense disturbances and respond to correct the sensed disturbances on the respective transmission lines of the power grid to which it is coupled;
each impedance injection module also having a transceiver for high-speed communication with other impedance-injection modules within a local group of impedance injection modules to enable coordinated high-speed response to disturbances on the high-voltage transmission line by the local group of impedance injection modules;
a group of local centers, each local center comprising the local group of communicably interconnected impedance injection modules, each local center also having a high-speed transceiver for high-speed communication with the local group of impedance injection modules, and for high speed communication with other local neighboring centers to enable coordinated response of all impedance-injection modules associated with that group of local centers;
each local center also having a communication link to and from a system utility;
wherein the distributed control with hierarchical supervision of the high-voltage power grid provides for steady-state power-flow control, line-current balancing, transient and small-signal stability, power-oscillation damping (POD), and sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) damping.

8. The high-voltage power grid of claim 7 , wherein the communication link to and from the local center to the system utility is a slower link than the high-speed communication link of the local center with the local group of impedance injection modules, and the high speed communication link of the local center with other local neighboring centers.

9. The high-voltage power grid of claim 7 , wherein the distributed sensing and response capability of each distributed impedance injection module allow sub-cyclic response to disturbances sensed locally.

10. The high-voltage power grid of claim 7 , wherein the high-speed communication link between impedance injection modules of a local group of impedance injection modules enable the local group of impedance injection modules to respond in coordination and at sub-cyclic speeds to disturbances sensed on the transmission lines.

11. The high-voltage power grid of claim 7 , wherein the high-speed communication capability at each local center of the group of local centers, for high-speed communication with the local group of impedance injection modules, and for high speed communication with other local neighboring centers enable coordinated sub-cyclic response of all impedance-injection modules associated with that group of local centers.

12. A method of responding to disturbances on a high-voltage transmission line of a high-voltage power grid comprising:
providing a plurality of distributed impedance injection modules each coupled to a high-voltage transmission line, distributed over a plur

Assignees

• Smart Wires Inc

Inventors

• Inam Haroon
• Das Debrup
• Kreikebaum Frank
• Iyer Amrit
• Zhao aaron

Classifications

• H02J13/1331

  using wireless data transmission · CPC title

• H02J13/1311

  using the power network as support for the transmission · CPC title

• H02J13/333

  the equipment forming part of substations · CPC title

• H02J13/12

  Monitoring network conditions, e.g. electrical magnitudes or operational status · CPC title

• Y04S10/22

  Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] or power factor or reactive power compensating or correcting units · CPC title