Lead-acid batteries with fast charge acceptance

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10522875-B2
Application number	US-201615571324-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	May 20, 2016
Priority date	May 22, 2015
Publication date	Dec 31, 2019
Grant date	Dec 31, 2019

Abstract

An improved lead acid battery (LAB) battery may provide high charge acceptance and may be suitable for a wide range of applications, including a variety of new applications. The new battery can sustain 67% of the maximum capacity even at a very high charging rate of IOC. This battery may decrease the use of lead in comparison to prior lead acid battery designs by up to 50%.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A lead acid battery comprising:
a first electrode, wherein the first electrode is a lead compound;
an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte has a pH value equal to or lower than 2; and
a second electrode comprising at least one organic material, wherein the organic material is a molecular material and comprises at least one cyclic substructure with at least one hydroxyl (C—O—H) group and/or carbonyl (C═O) group, the second electrode has a lead content of 0-10 wt %, the second electrode has a reduction potential of 0.6 V or less versus a normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) in 4.4 M H 2 SO 4 , and
wherein further the organic material undergoes a reversible electrochemical redox reaction between hydroxyl and carbonyl groups during charging or discharging.

2. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode is electrochemically reversible between a C—O—H-containing form and a C═O-containing form or vice versa.

3. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the C atoms in the at least one hydroxyl (C—O—H) group and/or carbonyl (C═O) group are part of a cyclic substructure.

4. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the cyclic substructure is a carbocycle with carbon atoms forming a ring.

5. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the cyclic substructure is a heterocycle with both carbon and non-carbon atoms forming a ring.

6. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the cyclic substructure is an aromatic ring.

7. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the cyclic substructure further comprises one or more R groups where R 1, 2, . . . 8 =M x , CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH(CH 3 ) 2 , C(CH 3 ) 3 , CHCH 2 , CCH, OM x , OCH 3 , OCH 2 CH 3 , OCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , OCH(CH 3 ) 2 , OC(CH 3 ) 3 , NH 2 , NHCH 3 , N(CH 3 ) 2 , NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , NHCH(CH 3 ) 2 , NHC(CH 3 ) 3 , CN, Cl, Br, I, SO 3 M x , where M=H, Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al, or a mixture of these elements, x=0.33˜1.

8. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the cyclic substructure is fused with one or more aromatic ring systems.

9. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the aromatic ring system is a single six-/five-membered aromatic ring.

10. The battery of claim 9 , wherein the single six-/five-membered aromatic ring is a heterocycle with one heteroatom chosen from N, O, or S.

11. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the aromatic ring system comprises fused aromatic rings chosen from naphthalene and perylene.

12. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the aromatic ring system is a biaryl comprising two six-/five-membered aromatic rings.

13. The battery of claim 12 , wherein at least one aromatic ring in the biaryl is a heterocycle with at least one heteroatom chosen from N, O, or S.

14. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the aromatic ring system further comprises one or more R groups where R 1, 2, . . . 8 =M x , CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH(CH 3 ) 2 , C(CH 3 ) 3 , CHCH 2 , CCH, OM x , OCH 3 , OCH 2 CH 3 , OCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , OCH(CH 3 ) 2 , OC(CH 3 ) 3 , NH 2 , NHCH 3 , N(CH 3 ) 2 , NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , NHCH(CH 3 ) 2 , NHC(CH 3 ) 3 , CN, Cl, Br, I, SO 3 M x , where M=H, Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al, or a mixture of these elements, x=0.33˜1.

15. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the organic material is a molecular compound.

16. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the at least one organic material comprises a first cyclic substructure with at least one hydroxyl group and a second cyclic substructure with at least one carbonyl group.

17. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cyclic substructure comprises at least one hydroxyl group and at least one carbonyl group simultaneously.

18. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode is charged from any state-of-charge to 80% charged within 1 hour or shorter.

19. The battery of claim 1 , wherein a specific capacity of the battery is 30 mAh/g or greater.

20. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the organic material is selected from:

R 1, 2, . . . 8 =M x , CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH(CH 3 ) 2 , C(CH 3 ) 3 , CHCH 2 , CCH, OM x , OCH 3 , OCH 2 CH 3 , OCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , OCH(CH 3 ) 2 , OC(CH 3 ) 3 , NH 2 , NHCH 3 , N(CH 3 ) 2 , NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , NHCH(CH 3 ) 2 , NHC(CH 3 ) 3 , CN, Cl, Br, I, SO 3 M x ,
M=H, Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al, or a mixture of these elements,
X=0.33-1,
A 1 =NR 1 , O, S, and
A 2, 3, 4, 5 =C, N.

21. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the organic material is selected from:

and
R 1, 2, 3, 4 =M x , CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH(CH 3 ) 2 , C(CH 3 ) 3 , CHCH 2 , CCH, OM x , OCH 3 , OCH 2 CH 3 , OCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , OCH(CH 3 ) 2 , OC(CH 3 ) 3 , NH 2 , NHCH 3 , N(CH 3 ) 2 , NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , NHCH(CH 3 ) 2 , NHC(CH 3 ) 3 , CN, Cl, Br, I, SO 3 M x .

Assignees

• Univ Houston System

Inventors

• Yao Yan
• Liang Yanliang
• Gheytani Saman
• Jing Yan

Classifications

• H01M10/12 Primary

  Construction or manufacture · CPC title

• H01M10/44

  Methods for charging or discharging (circuits for charging H02J7/00) · CPC title

• H01M4/608

  containing heterocyclic rings · CPC title

• H01M2220/20

  Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane · CPC title

• B60L53/11

  DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4 · CPC title