Method for operating a battery cell

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10461371-B2
Application number	US-201415021982-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Sep 5, 2014
Priority date	Sep 18, 2013
Publication date	Oct 29, 2019
Grant date	Oct 29, 2019

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a battery cell (10), in particular a lithium-ion battery cell, having at least one wound or stacked electrode assembly (28) arranged in a housing, said electrode assembly comprising a first electrode layer (12), at least one separator layer (16) and a second electrode layer (14), and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing one or more solvents and one or more conductive salts. When the battery cell (10) reaches a critical state, a chemical substance or a chemical substance mixture (46) is released, which forms complexes with the lithium ions (22) in the electrolyte (26).

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A method for operating a lithium ion battery cell ( 10 ) comprising at least one rolled or stacked electrode assembly ( 28 ) which is arranged in a housing ( 36 ) and has a first electrode layer ( 12 ), at least one separator layer ( 16 ) and a second electrode layer ( 14 ) and a nonaqueous electrolyte containing one or more solvents and also one or more electrolyte salts, the method comprising releasing, when a critical state of the battery cell ( 10 ) is reached, a chemical substance or a mixture of chemical substances ( 46 ) which forms complexes ( 26 ) with lithium ions ( 22 ) in the electrolyte.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the chemical substance or the mixture of chemical substances ( 46 ) contains molecular receptors ( 24 ) which undergo selective interactions with lithium ions ( 22 ).

3. The method as claimed in claim 2 , characterized in that the molecular receptors ( 24 ) are selected from the group consisting of macrocyclic ionophores and cyclic polyethers.

4. The method as claimed in claim 2 , characterized in that the molecular receptors ( 24 ) belong to the group of metalla-crown ethers and complexes thereof.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the chemical substance or the mixture of chemical substances ( 46 ) is kept in stock in at least one vessel ( 34 ) within the battery cell ( 10 ).

6. The method as claimed in claim 5 , characterized in that the at least one vessel ( 34 ) in which the chemical substance or the mixture of chemical substances ( 46 ) is kept in stock is arranged on an outer layer of the at least one electrode assembly ( 28 ) and is made of a material which in the case of a critical state of the battery cell ( 10 ) changes at least partially so that the chemical substance or the mixture of chemical substances ( 46 ) is released.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the chemical substance or the mixture of chemical substances ( 46 ) is kept in stock in at least one vessel ( 34 ) outside the battery cell ( 10 ), with a connection to the battery cell ( 10 ) which is opened in the case of the critical state of the battery cell ( 10 ) in order to release the chemical substance or the mixture of chemical substances ( 46 ).

8. The method as claimed in claim 7 , characterized in that the connection is provided by a valve which opens in the case of the critical state of the battery cell ( 10 ).

9. The method as claimed in claim 7 , characterized in that the connection is provided by a movable element which in the case of the critical state of the battery cell ( 10 ) introduces the chemical substance or the mixture of chemical substances ( 46 ) into the battery cell ( 10 ).

10. The method as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the critical state of the battery cell ( 10 ) is verified, with at least one measurement parameter being measured by at least one measurement device ( 42 ) and, in the case of the at least one measurement parameter deviating from a limit value, the chemical substance or the mixture of chemical substances ( 46 ) is released.

11. The method as claimed in claim 10 , characterized in that the at least one measurement parameter is pressure, temperature and/or voltage of the battery cell ( 10 ).

12. The method as claimed in claim 10 , characterized in that the at least one measurement device ( 42 ) is a pressure sensor, temperature sensor, voltage sensor, current sensor and/or an acceleration sensor for detecting collisions.

13. The method as claimed in claim 10 , characterized in that the at least one measurement parameter is compared in an evaluation unit ( 40 ) with a stored limit value and in the case of deviations from the limit value the evaluation unit ( 40 ) passes a signal to an actuator ( 44 ) which brings about the release of the chemical substance or the mixture of chemical substances ( 46 ).

14. The method as claimed in claim 13 , characterized in that the actuator is configured as a hot wire or as a bimetal actuator.

15. The method as claimed in claim 13 , characterized in that the evaluation unit ( 40 ) is an electronic component, an electronic circuit or a control device which is a separate component or an existing control device.

16. A lithium ion battery cell ( 10 ) comprising at least one rolled or stacked electrode assembly ( 28 ) which is arranged in a housing ( 36 ) and has a first electrode layer ( 12 ), at least one separator layer ( 16 ) and a second electrode layer ( 14 ) and a nonaqueous electrolyte containing one or more solvents and also one or more electrolyte salts, characterized in that in a critical state of the battery cell ( 10 ) a chemical substance or a mixture of chemical substances ( 46 ) which forms complexes ( 26 ) with lithium ions ( 22 ) in the electrolyte is released.

17. An apparatus for operating a battery comprising a number of battery cells ( 10 ), characterized in that the battery is coupled to an evaluation unit ( 40 ) which brings about the release of a chemical substance or a mixture of chemical substances ( 46 ) at least in one battery cell ( 10 ) when a critical state of the at least one battery cell ( 10 ) is detected, wherein the chemical substance or mixture of substances forms complexes with lithium ions in the electrolyte.

18. The method as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the outer layer is an outer separator membrane ( 30 ).

Assignees

• Bosch Gmbh Robert

Inventors

• Angerbauer Ralf
• Reitzle Alexander
• Hore Sarmimala
• Hald Markus
• Heydemann Marc
• Fetzer Joachim

Classifications

• H01M10/0525

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title

• H01M10/0567

  characterised by the additives · CPC title

• H01M10/4235 Primary

  Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte (H01M10/4242 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01M2200/20

  Pressure-sensitive devices · CPC title

• H01M2220/20

  Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane · CPC title