Electrode for an energy accumulator and manufacturing method

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10454105-B2
Application number	US-201514829223-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Aug 18, 2015
Priority date	Aug 19, 2014
Publication date	Oct 22, 2019
Grant date	Oct 22, 2019

Abstract

An electrode for an energy accumulator comprises a substrate, an active anode layer having an active anode material, the active anode material being at least partially a lithium, a lithium alloy and/or a lithium intercalation material, at least one lithium-ion-conducting layer having a material composition which gradually changes over a layer thickness and has at least one lithium-ion-conducting component. A method for forming an electrode for an energy accumulator, and a lithium-ion battery comprising an electrode are also disclosed.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An electrode for an energy accumulator, comprising,
a substrate;
an active anode layer having an active anode material, the active anode material containing at least partially a lithium, a lithium alloy and/or a lithium intercalation material;
a first lithium-ion-conducting layer which is impermeable to an electrolyte in operable contact with the electrode and which has a first layer thickness, the first lithium-ion-conducting layer having a first material composition containing a first lithium-ion-conducting component which gradually changes over the first layer thickness; and
a second lithium-ion-conducting layer which is impermeable to the electrolyte in operable contact with the electrode and which has a second layer thickness, the second lithium-ion-conducting layer having the first lithium-ion-conducting component which gradually changes in proportion over the second layer thickness and a second lithium-ion-conducting component which gradually changes in proportion over the second layer thickness inversely to the gradual change of the first lithium-ion-conducting component in the second layer thickness, the second lithium-ion-conducting component different from the first lithium-ion-conducting component.

2. The electrode according to claim 1 , the lithium-ion-conducting component of the first lithium-ion-conducting layer comprising a ceramic and/or a polymer component.

3. The electrode according to claim 2 , the ceramic component being garnets, argyrodites, glass ceramics and sulfidic glasses.

4. The electrode according to claim 2 , the polymer component being polyethylene oxide or derivatives of polyethylene oxide.

5. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein, starting from the active anode layer, a proportion of lithium-ion-conducting component in the first material composition of the one first lithium-ion-conducting layer increases and the proportion of the active anode material in the first material composition of the active anode material decreases as the first layer thickness increases.

6. The electrode according to claim 1 , further comprising a boundary layer of the one first lithium-ion-conducting layer that is free of lithium and/or lithium alloy.

7. A method for manufacturing an electrode for an energy accumulator, comprising:
forming an active anode layer by depositing a first active anode material containing metallic lithium, a lithium alloy and/or a lithium intercalation material on a substrate;
forming a first lithium-ion-conducting layer, which is impermeable to an electrolyte placed in operable contact with the electrode and which has a first layer thickness, by depositing a first lithium-ion-conducting component on the substrate, the first lithium-ion-conducting layer formed with a first material composition which changes gradually over the first layer thickness; and
forming a second lithium-ion-conducting layer which is impermeable to the electrolyte in operable contact with the electrode and which has a second layer thickness, the second lithium-ion-conducting layer having the first lithium-ion-conducting component which gradually changes in proportion over the second layer thickness and a second lithium-ion-conducting component which gradually changes in proportion over the second layer thickness inversely to the gradual change of the first lithium-ion-conducting component in the second layer thickness, the second lithium-ion-conducting component different from the first lithium-ion-conducting component.

8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein:
the substrate, the active anode layer, the first lithium-ion-conducting layer, and the second lithium-ion-conducting layer together form a multi-layered structure;
the first lithium-ion conducting layer further forms a boundary layer; and
the active anode layer, the first lithium-ion-conducting layer, the second lithium-ion-conducting layer, and the boundary layer are free of active anode material.

9. The method according to claim 8 , the active anode layer, the first lithium-ion-conducting layer, and the second lithium-ion-conducing layer are deposited by physical or chemical vapor deposition, the method further comprising:
providing a deposition source for the active anode material;
providing one further deposition source for the first material composition of the first lithium-ion-conducting layer, the one further deposition source containing a gaseous material; and
depositing the first lithium-ion-conducting component of the first material composition with an increasing concentration.

10. A lithium-ion battery, comprising:
an electrode for an energy accumulator, including (i) a substrate; (ii) an active anode layer containing an active anode material, the active anode material being at least partially a lithium, a lithium alloy and/or a lithium intercalation material; (iii) a first lithium-ion-conducting layer with a first layer thickness which is impermeable to an electrolyte in operable contact with the electrode, the first lithium-ion-conducting layer containing a first material composition which gradually changes over a layer thickness and has a first lithium-ion-conducting component and (iv) a second lithium-ion-conducting layer which is impermeable to the electrolyte in operable contact with the electrode and which has a second layer thickness, the second lithium-ion-conducting layer having the first lithium-ion-conducting component which gradually changes in proportion over the second layer thickness and a second lithium-ion-conducting component which gradually changes in proportion over the second layer thickness inversely to the gradual change of the first lithium-ion-conducting component in the second layer thickness, the second lithium-ion-conducting component different from the first lithium-ion-conducting component.

Assignees

• Bosch Gmbh Robert

Inventors

• Tenzer Martin
• Wöhrle Thomas
• Wurm Calin Iulius

Classifications

• H01M4/139

  Processes of manufacture · CPC title

• H01M4/382 Primary

  Lithium (H01M4/405 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01M4/366

  as layered products · CPC title

• H01M4/13

  Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof · CPC title

• H01M10/0525

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title