Use of additives to fine-tune the composition of carbonate units in a polymer formed by copolymerization of CO2 with epdxide: application to the synthesis of polycarbonate-based block copolymers and of telechelics

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10450412-B2
Application number	US-201615571631-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jun 15, 2016
Priority date	Jun 15, 2015
Publication date	Oct 22, 2019
Grant date	Oct 22, 2019

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe a method of making a polycarbonate, comprising contacting one or more cyclic monomers and carbon dioxide in the presence of one or more of a Lewis acid catalyst, an initiator, and an ionic liquid; and agitating, sufficient to copolymerize the one or more cyclic monomers and carbon dioxide to create a polycarbonate. Embodiments of the present disclosure further describe a method of controlling a polymer composition, comprising contacting one or more cyclic monomers and carbon dioxide; adjusting an amount of one or more of a Lewis acid catalyst, an ionic liquid, and an initiator in the presence of the one or more cyclic monomers and carbon dioxide, sufficient to selectively modify a resulting polycarbonate; and agitating, sufficient to copolymerize the one or more cyclic monomers and carbon dioxide to create the polycarbonate.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A method of making a polycarbonate, comprising:
contacting one or more cyclic monomers and carbon dioxide in the presence of one or more of a Lewis acid catalyst, an initiator, and an ionic liquid,
wherein the Lewis acid catalyst comprises one or more of trialkyl borane, dialkylmagnesium, and their ester forms; and
agitating, sufficient to copolymerize the one or more cyclic monomers and carbon dioxide to create a polycarbonate.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more cyclic monomers comprises one or more epoxides.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more cyclic monomers comprises one or more of lactide, caprolactone, propylene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, ethylene oxide, and styrene oxide.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Lewis acid catalyst comprises one or more of triethyl borane, trimethyl borane, triisobutylborane, triphenylborane, and diethyl magnesium.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the initiator includes one or more of a mono- and/or poly- alcoholic, phenolic, and acidic salts with cations produced through deprotonation by different bases, salts, and/or other lithium salts additives,
wherein the cations include one or more of lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, ammonium, imidazolium,
wherein the bases include one or more of imidazolium alkoxide, lithium alkoxide, lithium phenolate, and alkyllithium (including macromolecular alkoxide),
wherein the salts include one or more of imidazolium lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, tetraalkylammonium, tetraalkylphosphonium in halide, hydroxide, carbonate, and carboxylate,
wherein the other lithium salts additives include one or more of lithium carbonate, LiOH, LiCO 3 , LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , and lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the initiator includes one or more of lithium salts, imidazolium salts, and alkoxide salts.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the initiator includes one or more of lithium benzoxide, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium triethylene glycoxide, lithium glycoxide, lithium polystyrene, n-heterocyclic carbene, imidazolium chloride, potassium tertbutyloxide, and tetrabutylammonium chloride.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more ionic liquids include one or more of:
1) Imidazolium-based ionic liquids with different counter ion, including one or more of 3-Methyl-(4-9)-(fluoro)imidazolium Bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoropropyl)trifluorophosphate, and 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(nonafluorobutyl)trifluorophosphate;
2) Ammonium-based ionic liquids with different counter ions, including one or more of choline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, tetrabutyl ammonium docusate, peg-5-cocomonium methylsulphate;
3) Super-based derived protonic ionic liquids, including one or more of Methyl-triaza bicycloundacane (MTBD) and trifluoroethanol [MTBDH+] [TFE−]; and
4) Polyionic liquids, including one or more of poly(1-[(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-3-butylimidazoliums, poly(1-ethyl-3-vinyl-imidazolium) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, N,N-dimetyl-N,N-diallylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) solution].

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid includes one or more of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexaflurophosphate and trioctylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein agitating comprises stirring.

11. A method of controlling a polymer composition, comprising:
contacting one or more cyclic monomers and carbon dioxide in the presence of one or more of a Lewis acid catalyst, an ionic liquid, and an initiator, wherein the Lewis acid catalyst comprises one or more of, trialkyl borane, dialkylmagnesium, and their ester forms;
adjusting an amount of one or more of a Lewis acid catalyst, an ionic liquid, and an initiator sufficient to selectively modify a resulting polycarbonate; and
agitating, sufficient to copolymerize the one or more cyclic monomers and carbon dioxide to create the polycarbonate.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein adjusting comprises adding an excess.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein adjusting comprises modifying one or more ratios of catalyst/ionic liquid, catalyst/initiator, catalyst/cyclic monomers, ionic liquid/cyclic monomer and initiator/cyclic monomer, polymerization pressure (1 atm to 50 atm) and temperature (ambient temperature to 120° C.).

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein selectively modifying includes one or more of modifying a ratio of blocks, modifying a gradient, introducing a terminal functional group, copolymerizing with other macromolecular initiates, affecting randomness of blocks, and altering a structure.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the one or more cyclic monomers comprises one or more epoxides.

16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the one or more cyclic monomers comprises one or more of lactide, caprolactone, propylene oxide, and cyclohexene oxide, ethylene oxide, styrene oxide.

17. The method of claim 11 , wherein Lewis acid catalyst comprises one or more of triethylborane, trimethylborane, triisobutylborane, triphenylborane, and diethylmagnisium.

18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the initiator includes one or more of lithium benzoxide, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium triethylene glycoxide, lithium glycoxide, lithium polystyrene, n-heterocyclic carbene, imidazolium chloride, potassium tertbutyloxide, and tetrabutylammonium chloride.

19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the one or more ionic liquids includes one or more of:
1) Imidazolium-based ionic liquids with different counter ions including one or more of: 3-Methyl-(4-9)-(fluoro)imidazolium Bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfony 1 ]imide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoropropyl)trifluorophosphate, and 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(nonafluorobutyl)trifluorophosphate;
2) Ammonium-based ionic liquids with different counter ions including one or more of choline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, tetrabutyl ammonium docusate, peg-5-cocomonium methylsulphate;
3) Super-based derived protonic ionic liquids including one or more of Methyl-triaza bicycloundacane (MTBD) and trifluoroethanol [MTBDH+] [TFE−]; and
4) Polyionic liquids including one or more of poly(1-[(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-3-butylimidazoliums, poly(1-ethyl-3-vinyl-imidazolium) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, N,N-dimetyl-N,N-diallylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) solution.

Assignees

• Univ King Abdullah Sci & Tech

Inventors

• Feng Xiaoshuang
• Zhang Dongyue
• Gnanou Yves
• Hadjichristidis Nikolaos

Classifications

• C08G64/34 Primary

  and cyclic ethers · CPC title

• C08K5/5399

  Phosphorus bound to nitrogen · CPC title

• C08K5/057

  Metal alcoholates {(metal enolates C08K5/0091)} · CPC title

• C08G64/32

  using carbon dioxide · CPC title

• C08G81/00

  Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers (involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions C08F299/00 {; polyester-amides C08G69/44; polyester-imides C08G73/16; polyamides-imides C08G73/14; block- or graft polymers containing polysiloxane sequences C08G77/42}) · CPC title