Wedge-shaped ceramic heat shield of a gas turbine combustion chamber

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10408451-B2
Application number	US-201414915230-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Sep 10, 2014
Priority date	Sep 11, 2013
Publication date	Sep 10, 2019
Grant date	Sep 10, 2019

Abstract

A heat shield element for a heat shield has a support structure. The heat shield element includes a hot side which can be exposed to hot gas, a cold side opposite the hot side, and peripheral sides connecting the hot side to the cold side. The heat shield element can be fastened to the support structure of the heat shield with the cold side facing the support structure and has a height running vertically to the cold side. The height of the heat shield element increases in a rising direction, the rising portion of the heat shield element running in the rising direction substantially up to at least one peripheral side or up to a projection that extends the hot side over the base surface of the cold side.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. An apparatus, comprising:
a supporting structure, and an end wall at an upstream end of the supporting structure, wherein the upstream end is configured to accommodate a burner arrangement of a combustor of a gas turbine engine, and
a number of heat shield elements made of a ceramic material, each of which comprises a hot side that can be exposed to hot gas and a cold side opposite the hot side and peripheral sides that in each case connect the hot side to the cold side,
wherein each of the number of heat shield elements is attached to the supporting structure essentially areally, wherein expansion gaps are disposed between each of the number of heat shield elements, each with the cold side facing the supporting structure, and each comprising a height normal to the cold side,
wherein the height of at least one heat shield element in a final row of plural rows of the number of heat shield elements increases in a direction of increasing height, wherein the height of the at least one heat shield element does not decrease in the direction of increasing height along an entire length of the at least one heat shield element, wherein a region of increasing height of the at least one heat shield element extends in the direction of increasing height essentially as far as at least one peripheral side of the at least one heat shield element or as far as a projection of the at least one heat shield element that extends the hot side of the at least one heat shield element beyond a base area of the cold side of the at least one heat shield element,
wherein the direction of increasing height of the at least one heat shield element is oriented toward a common end face of the final row, wherein the final row is arranged upstream of all other rows of the plural rows, and
wherein the direction of increasing height is oriented upstream toward the end wall.

2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 ,
wherein the region of increasing height extends at least over the entire base area of the cold side of the at least one heat shield element.

3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 ,
wherein in the region of increasing height, the height of the at least one heat shield element increases continuously in the direction of increasing height.

4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 ,
wherein the direction of increasing height is oriented essentially perpendicular to an upstream peripheral side of the at least one heat shield element.

5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4 ,
wherein the at least one heat shield element comprises, on a peripheral side toward which the direction of increasing height is oriented, the projection extending essentially over the width of the peripheral side, wherein the projection comprises an upper side which is part of the hot side of the at least one heat shield element and an underside opposite the upper side.

6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 ,
wherein each heat shield element of the final row comprises an end face that forms a portion of the common end face, wherein the supporting structure defines a hot gas path therethrough, wherein the end face of the at least one heat shield element extends inward toward the hot gas path farther than does a region of the supporting structure adjoining or adjacent the end face.

7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6 ,
wherein the projection of the at least one heat shield element projects beyond a respective adjoining region of the supporting structure.

8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:
a combustion chamber comprising a combustion chamber wall that comprises the supporting structure and which bounds a hot gas path flowing through the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber comprising, at its downstream end, a combustion chamber outlet which is arranged at a turbine inlet of the gas turbine engine, and comprises, at an upstream end of the combustion chamber, a combustion chamber head end, wherein the combustion chamber head end comprises the burner arrangement.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8 ,
wherein the combustion chamber wall comprises, at the upstream end of the combustion chamber, an encircling component in which is created at least one annular groove, wherein the end wall, which inwardly bounds the combustion chamber head end, is attached in the at least one annular groove, and the at least one heat shield element from the final row is adjacent to a web that bounds the at least one annular groove to one side, wherein an expansion gap is located between the at least one heat shield element and the web, wherein the supporting structure defines a hot gas path therethrough, and
wherein the direction of increasing height of the final row of the number of heat shield elements is oriented toward the web, and wherein the common end face of the final row that is oriented toward the web extends inward toward the hot gas path farther than does an adjacent region of the web.

10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 9 ,
wherein the at least one heat shield element comprises the projection extending essentially over a width of an upstream peripheral side of the at least one heat shield element, which projection comprises an upper side which is part of the hot side of the at least one heat shield element and, opposite the hot side, an underside,
wherein the projection projects over a region of the web that is located between the end wall and the final row.

11. A method for lining a combustion chamber with the apparatus according to claim 1 , comprising:
attaching the number of heat shield elements in rows, while leaving the expansion gaps between the number of heat shield elements, on the supporting structure, arranged on a combustion chamber wall of the combustion chamber,
(a) wherein, with the exception of a row that is to be arranged last of the rows, matching the expansion gaps between the rows to an ideal expansion gap width,
(b) and determining a remaining width of a space left for the row that is to be arranged last,
(c) from the remaining width, taking into account the ideal expansion gap width, determining an ideal width of heat shield elements of the row that is to be arranged last,
(d) and producing the heat shield elements of the row that is to be arranged last in accordance with the ideal width of the heat shield elements and arranging the heat shield elements of the row that is to be arranged last in the space,
wherein the remaining width of the space left for the heat shield elements of the row that is to be arranged last is determined by provisionally lining the space with a provisionally arranged row of heat shield elements of measured width, and a width of at least one expansion gap adjoining the provisionally arranged row is determined during operation of the combustion chamber.

12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 ,
wherein in the region of increasing height, the height of the at least one heat shield element increases continuously and linearly in the direction of increasing height.

13. An apparatus, comprising:
a combustion chamber comprising a combustion chamber wall that comprises a supporting structure and which bounds a hot gas path flowing through the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber comprising, at its downstream end, a combustion chamber outlet which is arranged at a turbine inlet of a gas turbine, and comprises, at an upstream end of the combustion chamber, a combustion chamber head end, wherein the combustion chamber head end comprises a burner arrangement, and
a number of heat shield elements made of a ceramic material, each of which comprises a hot side that can be exposed to hot gas and a col

Assignees

• Siemens Ag

Inventors

• Larson Marco
• Tertilt Marc

Classifications

• F23R3/007

  constructed mainly of ceramic components · CPC title

• F23R3/002 Primary

  Wall structures (F23R3/02 and F23R3/007 take precedence) · CPC title

• F05D2300/6033

  Ceramic matrix composites [CMC] · CPC title

• F02C7/24

  Heat or noise insulation (air intakes having provisions for noise suppression F02C7/045; turbine exhaust heads, chambers, or the like F01D25/30; silencing nozzles of jet-propulsion plants F02K1/00) · CPC title

• F23R3/60

  Support structures; Attaching or mounting means · CPC title