Electrolyte for lithium battery and lithium battery including the electrolyte

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10396400-B2
Application number	US-201715679260-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Aug 17, 2017
Priority date	Nov 14, 2014
Publication date	Aug 27, 2019
Grant date	Aug 27, 2019

Abstract

An electrolyte for a lithium battery includes an organic solvent; and a compound represented by Formula 1:

wherein, in Formula 1, X 1 to X 4 , A 1 to A 4 , and R 1 to R 4 are further defined in the specification.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An electrolyte for a lithium battery, the electrolyte comprising:
an organic solvent; and
a compound represented by Formula 1:

wherein, in Formula 1,
X 1 to X 4 are each independently oxygen (O) or nitrogen (N),
A 1 to A 4 each independently denote a chemical bond, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-C10 alkylene group, an unsubstituted or substituted C6-C10 arylene group, an unsubstituted or substituted C7-C10 arylalkylene group, an unsubstituted or substituted C2-C10 heteroarylene group, an unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 heteroarylalkylene group, or an unsubstituted or substituted C4-C10 carbocyclic group, wherein at least one of A 1 to A 4 is (CH 2 ) a , where a is independently 2 to 4
at least one of R 1 to R 4 is —C(R 5 )═Y 1 , where Y 1 is C(R 6 )(R 7 ), and R 5 to R 7 are each independently a hydrogen, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryloxy group, a C2-C10 heteroaryl group, a C3-C10 heteroarylalkyl group, a C2-C10 heteroaryloxy group, a C4-C10 carbocyclic group, or a halogen atom, and
the remaining R 1 to R 4 are each independently a hydrogen, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryloxy group, a C2-C10 heteroaryl group, a C3-C10 heteroarylalkyl group, a C2-C10 heteroaryloxy group, a C4-C10 carbocyclic group, or a halogen atom.

2. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 , wherein X 1 to X 4 are all oxygen (O).

3. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the compound represented by Formula 1 is a compound represented by Formula 2:

wherein, in Formula 2,
a is independently from 2 to 4, and
R 5 to R 7 are each independently a hydrogen, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryloxy group, a C2-C10 heteroaryl group, a C3-C10 heteroarylalkyl group, a C2-C10 heteroaryloxy group, a C4-C10 carbocyclic group, or a halogen atom.

4. An electrolyte for a lithium battery, the electrolyte comprising:
an organic solvent; and
a compound selected from compounds represented by Formulae 6 to 8:

5. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the compound represented by Formula 1 is present in a range of about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt % based on a total weight of the electrolyte.

6. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent includes one or more of a carbonate-based compound, an ester-based compound, an ether-based compound, a ketone-based compound, an alcohol-based compound, or an aprotic solvent.

7. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a lithium salt.

8. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent includes about 20 vol % to about 80 vol % of a cyclic carbonate compound and about 20 vol % to about 70 vol % of a chain carbonate compound.

9. A lithium battery, comprising:
a cathode;
an anode; and
at least one selected from the electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 and a reaction product of the electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 .

10. The lithium battery as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the lithium battery operates in a voltage range of about 2.8 V to about 4.3 V.

11. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the compound selected from compounds represented by Formulae 5 to 8 is present in a range of about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt % based on a total weight of the electrolyte.

12. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the organic solvent includes one or more of a carbonate-based compound, an ester-based compound, an ether-based compound, a ketone-based compound, an alcohol-based compound, or an aprotic solvent.

13. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 4 , further comprising a lithium salt.

14. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the organic solvent includes about 20 vol % to about 80 vol % of a cyclic carbonate compound and about 20 vol % to about 70 vol % of a chain carbonate compound.

15. A lithium battery, comprising:
a cathode;
an anode; and
at least one selected from the electrolyte as claimed in claim 4 and a reaction product of the electrolyte as claimed in claim 4 .

16. The lithium battery as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the lithium battery operates in a voltage range of about 2.8 V to about 4.3 V.

17. A lithium battery, comprising:
a cathode; an anode; and an electrolyte including a compound represented by Formula 5,
wherein the compound represented by Formula 5 is present in a range of about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % based on a total weight of the electrolyte,
the organic solvent includes about 20 vol % to about 80 vol % of a cyclic carbonate compound and about 20 vol % to about 70 vol % of a chain carbonate compound, and the lithium battery has a direct current resistance (DCIR) increase at a temperature of 60° C. of less than 110% after 60 cycles of charging and discharging cycles

18. The lithium battery of claim 17 , wherein the lithium battery has a capacity retention rate at a temperature of 60° C. of more than 80% after 60 cycles of charging and discharging cycles.

19. The lithium battery of claim 17 , wherein the cyclic carbonate compound is a mixture of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, and the chain carbonate compound is diethyl carbonate, and the amount of the cyclic carbonate is larger than the amount of the chain carbonate.

20. The lithium battery of claim 17 , wherein the amount of the compound represented by Formula 5 is in a range of about 1 wt % to about 3 wt % based on a total weight of the electrolyte.

Assignees

• Samsung Sdi Co Ltd

Inventors

• Lee Minju
• Shin Woocheol
• Lee Seungtae
• Egorov Vladimir
• Kim Soojin

Classifications

• H01M10/0567 Primary

  characterised by the additives · CPC title

• H01M2300/0037

  Mixture of solvents · CPC title

• H01M10/0564

  the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only · CPC title

• H01M10/0569

  characterised by the solvents · CPC title

• H01M10/052

  Li-accumulators · CPC title