Compositions, apparatus and methods for capacitive temperature sensing

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10386244-B2
Application number	US-201816164941-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Oct 19, 2018
Priority date	Sep 25, 2013
Publication date	Aug 20, 2019
Grant date	Aug 20, 2019

Abstract

A passive temperature-sensing apparatus, which includes a capacitive sensing element that includes a capacitive sensing composition that includes a ferroelectric ceramic material that exhibits a measurable electrical Curie temperature that is below 30 degrees C. The capacitive sensing composition exhibits a negative slope of capacitance versus temperature over the temperature range of from 30 degrees C. to 150 degrees C.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A passive temperature-sensing apparatus, the apparatus comprising a capacitive sensing element that comprises a capacitive sensing composition that includes a ferroelectric ceramic material that exhibits a measurable electrical Curie temperature that is below 30 degrees C., and wherein the capacitive sensing composition exhibits a negative slope of capacitance versus temperature over the temperature range of from 30 degrees C. to 150 degrees C.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the capacitive sensing element comprises a multilayer ceramic capacitor comprising alternating layers of the capacitive sensing composition and a conductive material.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the capacitive sensing composition comprises particles of the ferroelectric ceramic material that are dispersed in a polymer matrix.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the polymeric matrix is selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic materials and thermoset materials.

5. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises polymers selected from the group consisting of: silicones; epoxies; ethylene-propylene-dienes; polyolefins; polyurethanes; epichlorohydrins; fluoroelastomers; and copolymers, blends and/or mixtures thereof.

6. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the ferroelectric ceramic material comprises between about 15 weight % and about 90 weight % of the capacitive sensing composition.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ferroelectric ceramic material is chosen from the group consisting of doped BaTiO 3 , BaSnTiO 3 , BaHfTiO 3 , BaSrTiO 3 , BaZrTiO 3 , SrTiO 3 , BaFe 12 O 19 , Pb[Zr x Ti (1-x) ]O 3 , and x[Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ]-(1−x)[PbTiO 3 ], and combinations and mixtures thereof.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ferroelectric ceramic material is chosen from the group consisting of BaM x Ti 1-x O 3 , where M=Zr or Sn and where 0.1≤x≤0.8.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ferroelectric ceramic material is chosen from the group consisting of BaZr x Ti 1-x O 3 , where 0.1≤x≤0.3.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ferroelectric ceramic material is chosen from the group consisting of BaSn x Ti 1-x O 3 , where 0.1≤x≤0.3.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the negative slope of capacitance versus temperature over the temperature range of from 30 degrees C. to 150 degrees C., is greater in magnitude than about −2% per 10 degrees C.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the negative slope of capacitance versus temperature over the temperature range of from 30 degrees C. to 150 degrees C., is greater in magnitude than about −4% per 10 degrees C.

13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the negative slope of capacitance versus temperature over the temperature range of from 30 degrees C. to 150 degrees C., is greater in magnitude than about −16% per 10 degrees C.

14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the capacitive sensing composition exhibits a loss tangent of about 0.05 or less over the temperature range of from 30 degrees C. to 150 degrees C. at a frequency of 1 kHz-20 MHz.

15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the capacitive sensing element is a capacitive element of an L-C circuit.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the capacitive sensing element is in thermal communication with a portion of a high voltage power cable.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 , further comprising a unit configured to detect a resonant frequency of the L-C circuit.

Assignees

• 3M Innovative Properties Co

Inventors

• Ghosh Dipankar
• Kang Myungchan
• Kim Jaewon

Classifications

• G01K7/34 Primary

  using capacitative elements (capacitors per se H01G) · CPC title

• C04B35/4682

  based on BaTiO3 perovskite phase · CPC title

• C01G23/006

  Alkaline earth titanates · CPC title

• H01B3/12

  ceramics · CPC title

• C04B2235/3293

  Tin oxides, stannates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] · CPC title