Protective cathode coatings for lithium-ion batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10374262-B2
Application number	US-201715427295-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Feb 8, 2017
Priority date	Feb 8, 2016
Publication date	Aug 6, 2019
Grant date	Aug 6, 2019

Abstract

Cathode coatings for lithium ion batteries, cathodes coated with the coatings, and lithium ion batteries incorporating the coated cathodes are provided. The coatings, which are composed of binary, ternary, and higher order metal oxides and/or metalloid oxides, can reduce the hydrofluoric acid (HF)-induced degradation of the electrolyte and/or cathodes, thereby improving the performance of lithium ion batteries, relative to lithium ion batteries that employ bare cathodes.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A coated cathode comprising:
an active cathode material for a lithium ion battery; and
a coating on at least a portion of the active cathode material, wherein the coating comprises a borate selected from TaBO 4 , NbBO 4 , Ca 5 (BO 3 ) 3 F, Mg 3 (BO 3 ) 2 , and CaAlBO 4 .

2. A lithium ion battery comprising:
an anode;
the coated cathode of claim 1 in electrical communication with the anode;
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the coated cathode; and
a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode.

3. The coated cathode of claim 1 , wherein the coating comprises TaBO 4 .

4. The coated cathode of claim 1 , wherein the coating comprises NbBO 4 .

5. The coated cathode of claim 1 , wherein the coating comprises Ca 5 (BO 3 ) 3 F.

6. The coated cathode of claim 1 , wherein the coating comprises Mg 3 (BO 3 ) 2 .

7. The coated cathode of claim 1 , wherein the coating comprises CaAlBO 4 .

8. A coated cathode comprising:
an active cathode material for a lithium ion battery; and
a coating on at least a portion of the active cathode material, wherein the coating comprises a phosphate selected from Mn 2 PO 4 F and CaSn 4 (PO 4 ) 6 .

9. A lithium ion battery comprising:
an anode;
the coated cathode of claim 8 in electrical communication with the anode;
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the coated cathode; and
a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode.

10. The coated cathode of claim 8 , wherein the coating comprises Mn 2 PO 4 F.

11. The coated cathode of claim 8 , wherein the coating comprises CaSn 4 (PO 4 ) 6 .

12. A coated cathode comprising:
an active cathode material for a lithium ion battery; and
a coating on at least a portion of the active cathode material, wherein the coating comprises a silicate selected from Li 2 MgSiO 4 , CaMgSiO 4 , and CaMgSi 2 O 6 .

13. A lithium ion battery comprising:
an anode;
the coated cathode of claim 12 in electrical communication with the anode;
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the coated cathode; and
a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode.

14. The coated cathode of claim 12 , wherein the coating comprises Li 2 MgSiO 4 .

15. The coated cathode of claim 12 , wherein the coating comprises CaMgSiO 4 .

16. The coated cathode of claim 12 , wherein the coating comprises CaMgSi 2 O 6 .

17. A coated cathode comprising:
an active cathode material for a lithium ion battery; and
a coating on at least a portion of the active cathode material, wherein the coating comprises a metal oxide selected from LiAl 5 O 8 and BaSO 4 .

18. A lithium ion battery comprising:
an anode;
the coated cathode of claim 17 in electrical communication with the anode;
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the coated cathode; and
a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode.

19. The coated cathode of claim 17 , wherein the coating comprises LiAl 5 O 8 .

20. The coated cathode of claim 17 , wherein the coating comprises BaSO 4 .

21. A coated cathode comprising:
a cathode comprising LiCoO 2 ; and
a coating on at least a portion of the active cathode material, wherein the coating comprises a metal oxide selected from Li 2 CaSiO 4 , Li 4 H 3 BrO 3 , and Li 4 H 3 ClO 3 .

22. A lithium ion battery comprising:
an anode;
the coated cathode of claim 21 in electrical communication with the anode;
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the coated cathode; and
a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode.

23. The coated cathode of claim 21 , wherein the coating comprises Li 2 CaSiO 4 .

24. The coated cathode of claim 21 , wherein the coating comprises Li 4 H 3 BrO 3 .

25. The coated cathode of claim 21 , wherein the coating comprises Li 4 H 3 ClO 3 .

26. A coated cathode comprising:
a cathode comprising LiMn 2 O 4 ; and
a coating on at least a portion of the active cathode material, wherein the coating comprises a metal oxide selected from Li 2 TiSiO 5 , Ca 2 Mn 3 O 8 , Ba 2 TiSi 2 O 8 , and Ba 2 Ti 4 Fe 2 O 14 .

27. A lithium ion battery comprising:
an anode;
the coated cathode of claim 26 in electrical communication with the anode;
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the coated cathode; and
a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode.

28. The coated cathode of claim 26 , wherein the coating comprises Li 2 TiSiO 5 .

29. The coated cathode of claim 26 , wherein the coating comprises Ca 2 Mn 3 O 8 .

30. The coated cathode of claim 26 , wherein the coating comprises Ba 2 TiSi 2 O 8 .

31. The coated cathode of claim 26 , wherein the coating comprises Ba 2 Ti 4 Fe 2 O 14 .

Assignees

• Univ Northwestern

Inventors

• Aykol Muratahan
• Kim Soo
• Hao Shiqiang
• Lu Zhi
• Hegde Vinay Ishwar
• Snydacker David H
• Kirklin Scott J
• Morgan Dane
• Wolverton Christopher M

Classifications

• H01M4/505

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy · CPC title

• H01M4/525 Primary

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy · CPC title

• H01M10/4235 Primary

  Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte (H01M10/4242 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01M10/0525

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title

• H01M4/62

  Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers · CPC title