Electrolyte compositions for electrochemical devices

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10355310-B2
Application number	US-201615154114-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	May 13, 2016
Priority date	May 28, 2015
Publication date	Jul 16, 2019
Grant date	Jul 16, 2019

Abstract

Multi-functional additives containing at least one solid electrolyte interface (SEI) forming group and at least one SEI modifying group are advantageously employed in electrolyte compositions for electrochemical devices. The SEI forming group may comprise an organic carbonate moiety and the SEI modifying group may comprise a heteroatom functional group such as a sulfur containing organic moiety. The electrochemical devices include lithium ion batteries.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. An electrolyte composition, which composition comprises a multi-functional additive compound containing an SEI forming group and an SEI modifying group
(SEI forming group) n -(bridge) m -(SEI modifying group) p
wherein
bridge is a hydrocarbylene,
m is 0, 1 or 2,
n is an integer from 1 to 5,
p is an integer from 1 to 5,
(A) the SEI forming group is an organic carbonate group, and the SEI modifying group is a heteroatom functional group, the organic carbonate group is selected from the group consisting of the following formulae,

wherein the dashed line represents a covalent bond between the organic carbonate group and the hydrocarbylene bridge group(s) or between the organic carbonate group and the heteroatom functional group, and
the heteroatom functional group contains one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of S, P, Si and B, or the heteroatom functional group contains more than one heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of S, P, Si, B and N,
wherein the heteroatom functional group containing heteroatom S contains a heteroatom moiety selected from the group consisting of —S(O) 2 O—, —OS(O) 2 O— or —OS(O)O—;
or
(B) the SEI forming group is an organic carbonate group, and
the SEI modifying group is a heteroatom functional group, the heteroatom functional group is selected from the group consisting of
sulfates or sulfites; and
borates, boronic esters or borinic esters.

2. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the organic carbonate group contains a carbonate moiety

wherein (A) or (B), the open valences together are hydrocarbylene and form a ring, which ring is bonded to the bridge group(s) or to the heteroatom functional group;
or (B), one open valence is bonded to the bridge group or to the heteroatom functional group and the other to a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or both open valences are bonded to two bridging groups.

3. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein (B) the organic carbonate group is cyclic.

4. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein (A) or (B) the organic carbonate group is unsaturated.

5. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein (A) or (B) the organic carbonate group is cyclic and unsaturated.

6. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein (B) the SEI modifying group is a heteroatom functional group, the heteroatom functional group is selected from the group consisting of
sulfates or sulfites;
borates, boronic esters or borinic esters; and
the SEI forming group is an organic carbonate group, the organic carbonate group is selected from the group consisting of formulae (1)-(18)

wherein the dashed line represents a covalent bond between the organic carbonate group and the hydrocarbylene bridge group(s) or between the organic carbonate group and the heteroatom functional group.

7. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein (A) the SEI forming group is an organic carbonate group, the organic carbonate group is selected from the group consisting of the formulae of claim 1 , and
the SEI modifying group is a heteroatom functional group, the heteroatom functional group contains a heteroatom moiety selected from the group consisting of
sulfates or sulfites; and
borates, boronic esters, borinic esters or boranes.

8. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein (A) the SEI forming group is an organic carbonate group, the organic carbonate group is selected from the group consisting of the formulae of claim 1 , and
the SEI modifying group is a heteroatom functional group, the heteroatom functional group contains a heteroatom moiety selected from the group consisting of
—S(O) 2 O—, —OS(O) 2 O— or —OS(O)O—;
—B(OR)—O—, —O—B(R)—O—, —B(R)—O—, —B(OR)—, —O—B(OR)—O— or —B(R)—;
wherein the open valences together are hydrocarbylene and form a ring; or one open valence is bonded to the bridge group or to the carbonate group and the other to a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl, or when m=2 the two open valences are bonded to bridge groups,
R is independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl.

9. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein (A) the heteroatom functional group comprises a sulfonate, sulfate or sulfite moiety.

10. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein (A) the heteroatom functional group is selected from the group consisting of formulae (50)-(62)

wherein the dashed line represents a covalent bond between the heteroatom functional group and the hydrocarbylene bridge group(s) or a covalent bond between the heteroatom functional group and the organic carbonate group; or wherein the heteroatom functional group is selected from the group consisting of formulae (63)-(67) and (70)

11. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein m=1 and the bridge is an alkylene group or an oxyalkylene group.

12. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein m=2 and the bridges are alkylene groups or oxyalkylene groups.

13. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the additive compound is present from about 0.01% to about 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the electrolyte composition.

14. A composition according to claim 1 , comprising one or more further additives selected from the group consisting of solid electrolyte interface improvers, cathode protection agents, LiPF 6 stabilizers, overcharge protectors, flame retardants, Li deposition improvers, solvation enhancers, corrosion inhibitors, wetting agents and viscosity adjusting agents.

15. A composition according to claim 1 , comprising one or more further additives selected from the group consisting of formulae (101) to (112)

wherein
R 11 and R 12 are independently hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or haloalkyl;
R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 are independently hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, vinyl or allyl, wherein at least one of R 13 to R 16 is vinyl or allyl;
R 17 is hydrogen or alkyl;
R 21 to R 26 are independently hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or haloalkyl, wherein at least one of R 21 to R 26 is halogen or haloalkyl;
R 27 to R 30 are independently hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or haloalkyl, wherein at least one of R 27 to R 30 is halogen or haloalkyl;
R 31 is an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene, an optionally substituted C 2 -C 6 alkenylene or an optionally substituted cycloalkylene, A is C═O, SO or SO 2 , n is 0 or 1 and X is oxygen (O) or sulfur (S);
R 41 and R 42 are independently an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl or an optionally substituted C 2 -C 6 alkynyl and R 43 is an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene, an optionally substituted C 2 -C 6 alkenylene, an optionall

Assignees

• Shenzhen Capchem Technology Co Ltd

Inventors

• Li Wentao

Classifications

• C07D317/40

  Vinylene carbonate; Substituted vinylene carbonates · CPC title

• C07D497/04

  Ortho-condensed systems · CPC title

• Y02E60/13

  Energy storage using capacitors · CPC title

• H01M2300/0025

  Organic electrolyte · CPC title

• H01M10/0567 Primary

  characterised by the additives · CPC title