Quaternary ammonium compounds as fuel or lubricant additives

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10351791-B2
Application number	US-201414907693-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jul 28, 2014
Priority date	Jul 26, 2013
Publication date	Jul 16, 2019
Grant date	Jul 16, 2019

Abstract

A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (X), wherein R 0 , R, R 2 and R 3 is each individually an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group and R includes an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl moiety having at least 5 carbon atoms.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A fuel composition comprising as an additive one or more quaternary ammonium compounds of formula (X):

wherein R 0 , R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is each individually an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group and R is an optionally substituted C10 to C36 alkyl or alkenyl group, wherein RCOO 31 is the residue of a monoacid and R 0 is the residue of an epoxide selected from the group consisting of: styrene oxide, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, epoxyhexane, octane oxide and stilbene oxide, and glycidyl ethers and glycidyl esters.

2. The fuel composition according to claim 1 wherein the fuel is diesel fuel.

3. The fuel composition according to claim 2 further comprising one or more detergents selected from the group consisting of:
(i)an additional quaternary ammonium salt additive which is not one of the one or more quaternary ammonium compounds of claim 1 ;
(ii) the product of a Mannich reaction between an aldehyde, an amine and an optionally substituted phenol;
(iii) the reaction product of a carboxylic acid-derived acylating agent and an amine;
(iv) the reaction product of a carboxylic acid-derived acylating agent and hydrazine;
(v) a salt formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with di-n-butylamine or tri-n-butylamine;
(vi) the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride and an amine compound or salt which product comprises at least one amino triazole group; and
(vii) a substituted polyaromatic detergent additive.

4. The fuel composition according to claim 1 wherein the fuel is gasoline fuel.

5. The fuel composition according to claim 4 which further comprises one or more gasoline detergents selected from the group consisting of:
(p) hydrocarbyl-substituted polyoxyalkylene amines or polyetheramines;
(q) acylated nitrogen compounds which are the reaction product of a carboxylic acid-derived acylating agent and an amine;
(r) hydrocarbyl-substituted amines wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent is substantially aliphatic and contains at least 8 carbon atoms;
(s) Mannich base additives comprising nitrogen-containing condensates of a phenol, aldehyde and primary or secondary amine;
(t) aromatic esters of a polyalkylphenoxyalkanol;
(u) an additional quaternary ammonium salt additive which is not a quaternary ammonium compound of claim 1 ; and
(v) tertiary hydrocarbyl amines having a maximum of 30 carbon atoms.

6. A method of improving the performance of an engine, the method comprising combusting in said engine a fuel composition comprising as an additive one or more quaternary ammonium compounds of formula (X):

wherein R 0 , R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is each individually an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group and R is an optionally substituted C10 to C36 alkyl or alkenyl group, wherein RCOO 31 is the residue of a monoacid and R 0 is the residue of an epoxide selected from the group consisting of: styrene oxide, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, epoxyhexane, octane oxide and stilbene oxide; and glycidyl ethers and glycidyl esters.

7. The method according to claim 6 wherein the engine is a gasoline engine and the fuel is gasoline.

8. The method according to claim 6 wherein the engine is a diesel engine having a fuel injection system which comprises a high pressure fuel injection (HPFI) system with fuel pressures greater than 1350 bar.

9. The method according to claim 6 wherein improvement in performance is achieved by combating deposits in the engine.

10. The method according to claim 9 which combats internal diesel injector deposits.

11. The method according to claim 9 which combats external diesel injector deposits, including injector nozzle deposits and injector tip deposits.

12. The method according to claim 7 which combats fuel filter deposits.

13. The fuel composition according to claim 1 wherein the glycidyl ethers or glycidyl esters are selected from the group consisting of glycidyl 2 methyl phenyl ether and glycidyl ester of versatic acid.

14. The method according to claim 6 wherein the glycideyl ethers or glycidyl esters are selected from the group consisting of glycidyl 2 methyl phenyl ether and glycidyl ester of versatic acid.

Assignees

• Innospec Ltd

Inventors

• Reid Jacqueline
• Cook Stephen L

Classifications

• C10N2040/255

  Gasoline engines · CPC title

• C10N2040/252

  Diesel engines · CPC title

• C10N2040/25

  Internal-combustion engines · CPC title

• C10N2030/04

  Detergent property or dispersant property · CPC title

• C10M133/04

  Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines (polyalkylene polyamines with eleven or more monomer units C10M149/22) · CPC title