Electric fission reactor for space applications

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10276271-B2
Application number	US-201414770894-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Mar 26, 2014
Priority date	Apr 25, 2013
Publication date	Apr 30, 2019
Grant date	Apr 30, 2019

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention pertain to a power system utilizing a uranium-based reactor for space missions. For example, the power system may include a reactor configured to generate thermal energy using a uranium core. A plurality of heat pipes may be configured to transfer thermal energy from the reactor core to a plurality of Stirling engines to generate electricity for a spacecraft.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. An apparatus, comprising:
a reactor configured to generate thermal energy using a reactor core, wherein the reactor core comprises a plurality of grooves placed around an external surface of the reactor core; and
a plurality of heat pipes configured to transfer thermal energy from the reactor core to a plurality of Stirling engines to generate electricity for a spacecraft, wherein
the plurality of heat pipes are placed within the plurality of grooves of the reactor core to increase power and are secured within the plurality of grooves by a plurality of rings or clamps, and
each one heat pipe of the plurality of heat pipes is connected to a corresponding one Stirling engine of the plurality of Stirling engines to provide a one-to-one ratio for connecting each one heat pipe of the plurality of heat pipes with the corresponding one Stirling engine of the plurality of Stirling engine.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactor core comprises uranium as a fuel source.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a plurality of radiation shields positioned between the plurality of Stirling engines and the reactor core, wherein
the plurality of radiation shields are configured to absorb gamma rays and neutrons emitted from the reactor to mitigate against damage to electronics of the spacecraft, the plurality of Stirling engines, and electronics of the plurality of Stirling engines.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of heat pipes pass through a plurality of radiation shields.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of heat pipes are embedded within the plurality of radiation shields.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of heat pipes are connected to a hot side of the plurality of Stirling engines such that the thermal energy from the reactor core can be delivered to the plurality of Stirling engines.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a plurality of radiators connected to a cold side of the plurality of Stirling engines to absorb excess thermal energy received from the reactor core.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises a rod configured to activate the reactor core when the rod is removed from the reactor core and deactivate the reactor core when the rod is inserted into the reactor core.

9. An apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of engines configured to produce electricity for a spacecraft; and
a plurality of heat pipes, each of the plurality of heat pipes connected to a reactor core at one end and connected to one of the plurality of engines at another end, wherein
the reactor core comprises a plurality of grooves placed around an external surface of the reactor core with the plurality of heat pipes placed within the plurality of grooves and secured by a plurality of rings or clamps,
the plurality of heat pipes are configured to transfer thermal energy from the reactor core to the plurality of engines, and
each one heat pipe of the plurality of heat pipes is connected to a corresponding one engine of the plurality of engines to provide a one-to-one ratio for connecting each one heat pipe of the plurality of heat pipes with the corresponding one engine of the plurality of engine.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the reactor core comprises uranium as a fuel source.

11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of heat pipes pass through a plurality of radiation shields.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of heat pipes are embedded within the plurality of radiation shields.

13. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of heat pipes are connected to a hot side of the plurality of engines such that the thermal energy from the reactor core can be delivered to the plurality of engines.

14. The apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising:
a plurality of radiation shields positioned between the plurality of Stirling engines and the reactor core, wherein
the plurality of radiation shields are configured to absorb gamma rays and neutrons emitted from the reactor to prevent damage to electronics of the apparatus, the plurality of engines, and electronics of the plurality of engines.

15. The apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising:
a plurality of radiators connected to a cold side of the plurality of Stirling engines to absorb excess thermal energy from the reactor core.

16. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the reactor comprises a rod configured to activate the reactor core when the rod is removed from the reactor core and deactivate the reactor core when the rod is inserted into the reactor core.

17. An apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of heat pipes configured to transfer thermal energy from a uranium enriched reactor to a plurality of Stirling engines, wherein
the uranium enriched reactor comprises a uranium core configured to generate thermal energy when a rod is removed from the uranium enriched reactor,
the uranium core comprises a plurality of grooves around an exterior surface of the uranium core with the plurality of heat pipes placed within the plurality of grooves and secured by a plurality of clamps or rings, and
each one heat pipe of the plurality of heat pipes is connected to a corresponding one Stirling engine of the plurality of Stirling engines to provide a one-to-one ratio for connecting each one heat pipe of the plurality of heat pipes with the corresponding one engine Stirling of the plurality of Stirling engine.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the plurality of heat pipes pass through, and are partially located outside of, a plurality of radiation shields.

Assignees

• Triad Nat Security Llc

Inventors

• Mcclure Patrick Ray
• Dixon David Duff
• Poston David Irvin
• Mason Lee
• Gibson Marc

Classifications

• G21C3/08

  provided with external means to promote heat-transfer, e.g. fins, baffles · CPC title

• G21C1/32

  Integral reactors, i.e. reactors wherein parts functionally associated with the reactor but not essential to the reaction, e.g. heat exchangers, are disposed inside the enclosure with the core (G21C1/02 - G21C1/30 take precedence) · CPC title

• G21H3/00

  Arrangements for direct conversion of radiation energy from radioactive sources into forms of energy other than electric energy, e.g. {into} light {or mechanic energy} · CPC title

• G21H1/00

  Arrangements for obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources, e.g. from radioactive isotopes {, nuclear or atomic batteries} · CPC title

• G21D5/02

  Reactor and engine structurally combined, e.g. portable · CPC title