Electrolytes and metal hydride batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10243240-B2
Application number	US-201414540537-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Nov 13, 2014
Priority date	Nov 13, 2014
Publication date	Mar 26, 2019
Grant date	Mar 26, 2019

Abstract

A metal hydride battery comprising at least one negative electrode, at least one positive electrode, a casing having said electrodes positioned therein and an electrolyte composition, where the electrolyte composition comprises an ionic compound selected from the group consisting of protic acids, protic ammonium compounds, protic oxonium compounds, aprotic ammonium compounds, aprotic oxonium compounds, aprotic phosphonium compounds and alkali or alkali earth metal salts; or where the electrolyte composition comprises an ionic compound selected from the group consisting of alkali or alkali earth metal hydroxides and alkali or alkali earth metal alkoxides and an organic solvent; or where the electrolyte composition comprises an alkali metal hydroxide, water and one or more further components selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, further ionic compounds and additives; or where the electrolyte composition comprises an ionic compound selected from the group consisting of carboxylate compounds and carboxylic acids. Ionic compounds include ionic liquids and salts. Metal hydride batteries comprising certain electrolyte compositions have a nominal open-circuit voltage of from about 1.5 V to about 5.0 V.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A metal hydride battery comprising at least one negative electrode, at least one positive electrode, a casing having said electrodes positioned therein and an electrolyte composition,
wherein the negative electrode comprises an AB x type alloy capable of storing hydrogen wherein x is from about 0.5 to about 5, A represents a hydride forming element and B represents a weak or non-hydride forming element,
wherein the electrolyte composition is liquid at 25° C. and
comprises one or more organic solvents selected from the group consisting of organic carbonates, ethers, glymes, ortho esters, polyalkylene glycols, esters, lactones, glycols, formates, sulfones, sulfoxides, amides, alcohols, amines, ketones, nitro solvents and nitrile solvents;
comprises one or more ionic liquid compounds selected from the group consisting of, protic acids, protic ammonium compounds, protic oxonium compounds, aprotic ammonium compounds, aprotic oxonium compounds and aprotic phosphonium compounds; and
comprises≤1000 ppm water by weight, based on the total weight of the electrolyte composition, and

wherein the battery exhibits a nominal open-circuit voltage of from about 1.5 to about 5.0 V.

2. A battery according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solvents are selected from the group consisting of organic carbonates, glymes, glycols and alcohols.

3. A battery according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more ionic liquid compounds are selected from the group consisting of ethylammonium nitrate, diethylmethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, triethylammonium methanesulfonate, 2-methylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, ammonium fluoride, methylammonium nitrate, hydroxyethylammonium nitrate, ethylammonium nitrate, dimethylammonium nitrate, 1-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-methylimidazolium nitrate, 1-ethylimidazolium nitrate, t-butylammonium tetrafluoroborate, hydroxyethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, methylbutylammonium tetrafluoroborate, triethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate, 1-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1,2-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, t-butylammonium triflate, 2-fluoropyridinium triflate, hydroxyethylammonium triflate, 1,2-dimethylimidazolium triflate, imidazolium triflate, 1-methylimidazolium triflate, hydronium triflate, methylammonium mesylate, ethylammonium mesylate, butylammonium mesylate, methoxyethylammonium mesylate, dimethylammonium mesylate, dibutylammonium mesylate, triethylammonium mesylate, dimethylethylammonium mesylate, hydronium hydrogensulfate, ammonium hydrogensulfate, methylammonium hydrogensulfate, ethylammonium hydrogensulfate, propylammonium hydrogensulfate, n-butylammonium hydrogensulfate, t-butylammonium hydrogensulfate, dimethylammonium hydrogensulfate, diethylammonium hydrogensulfate, di-n-butylammonium hydrogensulfate, methylbutylammonium hydrogensulfate, ethylbutylammonium hydrogensulfate, trimethylammonium hydrogensulfate, triethylammonium hydrogensulfate, tributylammonium hydrogensulfate, dimethylethylammonium hydrogensulfate, dibutylammonium fluorohydrogen phosphate, triethylammonium fluorohydrogen phosphate, tributylammonium fluorohydrogen phosphate, hydronium dihydrogen phosphate, methylammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ethylammonium dihydrogen phosphate, propylammonium dihydrogen phosphate, n-butylammonum dihydrogen phosphate, methoxyethylammonium dihydrogen phosphate, dimethylammonium dihydrogen phosphate, dibutylammonium dihydrogen phosphate, methylbutylammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium bifluoride, methylammonium bifluoride, ethylammonium bifluoride and dimethylammonium bifluoride.

4. A battery according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more liquid ionic compounds are selected from the group consisting of tri-n-butylmethylammonium methylsulfate, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ethylsulfate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroaluminate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogencarbonate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1,2,3-trimethylimidazolium methylsulfate, 1,2,4-trimethylpyrazolium methylsulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroaluminate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate, 1-butylpyridinium chloride, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium hydrogencarbonate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogencarbonate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3,5-dimethylpyridinium bromide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium methylcarbonate, carboxymethyl-tributylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, N-carboxyethyl-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, N-carboxymethyl-trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, N-carboxymethyl-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, hexyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluromethylsulfonyl)imide, tetrabutylphosphonium methanesulfonate, tetrabutylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate, tetrabutylphosphonium p-toluenesulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogencarbonate, triethylmethylammonium methylcarbonate, tributylmethylammonium methylcarbonate, 1-ethyl-1-methylpiperidinium methylcarbonate, 4-ethyl-4-methylmorpholinium methylcarbonate, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium methylcarbonate, triethylmethylammonium dibutylphosphate, tributylmethylammonium dibutylphosphate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutylphosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutylphosphate, 1-(cyanomethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-(3-cyanopropyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-(3-cyanopropyl)-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-(3-cyanopropyl)-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, 1-(3-cyanopropyl)pyridinium chloride, 1-(3-cyanopropyl)pyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1,3-bis(cyanomethyl)imidazolium chloride, 1,3-bis(cyanomethyl)imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1,3-bis(3-cyanopropyl)imidazolium chloride, 1,3-bis(3-cyanopropyl)imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium choride, tributylmethylphosphonium dibutylphosphate, triethylmethylphosphonium dibutylphosphate, tributylmethylphosphonium methylcarbonate, tributylmethylphosphonium methylsulfate, triethylmethylphosphonium dibutylphosphate, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluromethylsulfonyl)imide, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylphenyl)phosphinate, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bromide, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium decanoate, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium dicyanamide, 3-(triphenylphosphonio)propane-1-sulfonate and 3-(triphenylphosphonio)propane-1-sulfonic acid tosylate.

5. A battery according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte composition comprises two different ionic compounds which contain an identical cation or an identical anion.

6. A battery according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte composition comprises one or more organic solvents selected from the group consisting of organic carbonates, ethers, glymes, ortho esters, polyalkylene glycols, esters, lactones and glycols.

7. A battery according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode compr

Assignees

• Basf Corp

Inventors

• Young Kwo
• Nei Jean
• Wong Diana
• Li Wentao
• Wang Lixin

Classifications

• H01M10/345

  Gastight metal hydride accumulators · CPC title

• H01M10/24

  Alkaline accumulators · CPC title

• H01M2300/0028

  characterised by the solvent · CPC title

• H01M10/28

  Construction or manufacture · CPC title

• H01M2300/0014

  Alkaline electrolytes · CPC title