Phosphors and scintillators for light stimulation within a medium

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10232190-B2
Application number	US-201715649917-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jul 14, 2017
Priority date	Jul 8, 2011
Publication date	Mar 19, 2019
Grant date	Mar 19, 2019

Abstract

A system and method for light stimulation within a medium. The system has a reduced-voltage x-ray source configured to generate x-rays from a peak applied cathode voltage at or below 105 kVp, and a plurality of energy-emitting particles in the medium which, upon radiation from the x-ray source, radiate at a first lower energy than the x-ray source to interact with at least one photoactivatable agent in the medium. The method introduces the plurality of energy-emitting particles into the medium, radiates the energy-emitting particles in the medium with x-rays generated from a peak applied cathode voltage at or below 105 kVp; and emits a lower energy than the x-ray source to interact with the medium or with at least one photoactivatable agent in the medium.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A method for light stimulation within a medium, comprising:
introducing a first plurality of energy-emitting particles into the medium;
radiating the first plurality of energy-emitting particles in the medium with x-rays generated from an x-ray source having a peak applied cathode voltage at or below 105 kVp;
emitting a first lower electromagnetic energy than the x-ray source which interacts with the medium or with at least one photoactivatable agent in the medium wherein either (a) the first lower electromagnetic energy interacts directly with a target structure in a subject in need of treatment, wherein the first lower electromagnetic energy interacts directly with the target structure and induces a predetermined change in said target structure in situ in the medium of the subject, and wherein said predetermined change modifies the target structure and modulates the biological activity of the target structure, or (b) the first lower electromagnetic energy interacts with and activates at least one photoactivatable agent in the medium, wherein upon activation, the activated at least one photoactivatable agent reacts with a target structure in the subject to crosslink DNA present in the target structure.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
introducing a second plurality of energy-emitting particles which upon radiation from the x-rays radiate at a second lower energy than the first radiation source; and
radiating the first and second plurality of light-emitting particles to produce a combined emission from the first and second plurality of light-emitting particles having a spectrum for illumination of the at least one photoactivatable agent in the medium, said spectrum having a wavelength distribution simulating at least a part of an absorption spectrum of the at least one photoactivatable agent or a spectrum of an ultraviolet discharge lamp.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the wavelength distribution has a peak position in common with a peak in the absorption spectrum of the at least one photoactivatable agent or simulates an absorption edge of the absorption spectrum of the at least one photoactivatable agent.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first and second plurality of light-emitting particles comprises a weighted composition of a plurality of different light-emitting particles, where light emitted from the weighted composition simulate said part of the absorption spectrum of the at least one photoactivatable agent or said spectrum of an ultraviolet discharge lamp.

5. The method of claim 2 , wherein said energy distribution resembles the absorption spectrum of theat least one photoactivatable agent or the spectrum of the ultraviolet discharge lamp.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said energy distribution overlaps with the absorption spectrum of the at least one photoactivatable agent or said spectrum of the ultraviolet discharge lamp.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
forming a concentrated energy source from emissions of the first plurality of energy-emitting particles by concentrating the first plurality of energy emitting particles about a target site; and
treating the target site by activation of the at least one photoactivatable agent from the concentrated energy source.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the concentrated light source comprises a distribution of the first plurality of energy-emitting particles concentrated by at least one of an externally applied electric field or a magnetic field.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of energy-emitting particles in the medium self-assemble to form geometrical patterns.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the geometrical patterns include at least one of dendrites, spherical clusters, and rings.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of energy-emitting particles comprises at least one of:
phosphor particles;
ionic doped phosphor particles ;
single crystal or poly-crystalline powders;
single crystal or poly-crystalline monoliths;
fluorescent particles;
scintillator particles;
a metallic shell encapsulating at least a fraction of a surface of the particles;
a semiconductor shell encapsulating at least a fraction of a surface of the particles;
an insulator shell encapsulating at least a fraction of a surface of the particles; and
quantum dots of a distributed size.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein a radial dimension of the metallic shell is set to a value where a surface plasmon resonance in the metallic shell resonates at a frequency which provides spectral overlap with either an absorption band or an emission band of the particles.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the metallic shell comprises a plasmonic shell configured to enhance at least one of said absorption or said emission.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of light-emitting particles comprises particles having a dielectric core.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein a metallic shell covers said dielectric core and comprises at least one of Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Pt, Pd, Co, Ru, Rh, or a combination thereof.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of energy-emitting particles comprises at least one of Y 2 O 3 ; ZnS; ZnSe;MgS; CaS; Mn, Er ZnSe; Mn, Er MgS; Mn, Er CaS; Mn, Er ZnS; Mn,Yb ZnSe; Mn,Yb MgS; Mn, Yb CaS; Mn,Yb ZnS:Tb 3+ , Er 3+ ; ZnS:Tb 3+ ; Y 2 O 3 :Tb 3+ ; Y 2 O 3 :Tb 3+ , Er3 + ; ZnS:Mn 2+ ; ZnS:Mn,Er 3+ ; CaWO 4 , YaTO 4 , YaTO 4 :Nb, BaSO 4 :Eu, La 2 O 2 S:Tb, BaSi 2 O 5 :Pb, NaI(Tl), CsI(Tl), CsI(Na), CsI(pure), CsF, KI(Tl ), LiI(Eu), BaF 2 , CaF, CaF 2 (Eu), ZnS(Ag), CaWO 4 , CdWO 4 , YAG(Ce) (Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (Ce)), BGO bismuth germanate, GSO gadolinium oxyorthosilicate, LSO lutetium oxyorthosilicate, LaCl 3 (Ce), and LaBr 3 (Ce).

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of energy-emitting particles comprise at least one of phosphors, scintillators, fluorescent materials, and combinations and agglomerations thereof with or without plasmonic inducing agents.

18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
administering the photoactivatable agent to the medium, wherein the medium is a subject, wherein the photoactivatable agent is at least one activatable pharmaceutical agent which is capable of effecting a predetermined cellular change when activated, wherein
light from the first plurality of particles interacts with the at least one activatable pharmaceutical agent to activate the activatable pharmaceutical agent in situ,
thus causing the predetermined cellular change to occur in the subject, wherein said predetermined cellular change treats a cell proliferation related disorder.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the cell proliferation disorder is at least one member selected from the group consisting of cancer, bacterial infection, viral infection, immune rejection response, autoimmune disorders, aplastic conditions, and combinations thereof.

20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the at least one activatable pharmaceutical agent is selected from psoralens, pyrene cholesteryloleate, acridine, porphyrin, fluorescein, rhodamine, 16-diazorcortisone, ethidium, transition metal complexes of bleomycin, transition metal complexes of deglycobleomycin organoplatinum complexes, alloxazines, vitamin Ks, vitamin L, vitamin metabolites, vitamin precursors, naphthoquinones, naphthalenes, naphthols and derivatives thereof having planar molecular conformations, porphorinporphyrins, dyes and phenothiazine derivatives, coumarins, quinolo

Assignees

• Immunolight Llc
• Univ Duke

Inventors

• Bourke Jr Frederic A
• Walder Harold
• Fathi Zakaryae
• Therien Michael J
• Dewhirst Mark W
• Stanton Ian N
• Ayres Jennifer Ann
• Fels Diane Renee
• Herbert Joseph A

Classifications

• A61N2005/1098

  Enhancing the effect of the particle by an injected agent or implanted device · CPC title

• A61N5/1077

  Beam delivery systems · CPC title

• A61K41/0085

  Mossbauer effect therapy based on mossbauer effect of a material, i.e. re-emission of gamma rays after absorption of gamma rays by the material; selective radiation therapy, i.e. involving re-emission of ionizing radiation upon exposure to a first ionizing radiation · CPC title

• A61N5/062 Primary

  Photodynamic therapy, i.e. excitation of an agent · CPC title

• A61N2005/0661

  ultraviolet · CPC title