Generating patient specific instruments for use as surgical aids

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10130378-B2
Application number	US-201213468272-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	May 10, 2012
Priority date	May 11, 2011
Publication date	Nov 20, 2018
Grant date	Nov 20, 2018

Abstract

Systems and methods are provided for generating patient specific instruments for use as surgical guides. A region of interest within a body of a patient is scanned to provide a three-dimensional model of the region of interest. A first user is allowed to position a model of a selected implant with the three-dimensional model of the region of interest via a graphical user interface. A patient specific instrument model is generated from a generic patient specific instrument model according to the position of the model of the selected implant within the three-dimensional model of the region of interest and the position of at least one extension of the model that is not visible to the first user. A patient specific instrument is fabricated according to the patient specific instrument model.

First claim

I claim:

1. A combination of a non-transitory computer readable medium storing machine readable instructions for fabricating a patient specific instrument (PSI) for use as a surgical guide for a surgical implant and of a model of the PSI in a digital format for use in fabricating the PSI, and the PSI, the combination comprising:
the machine readable instructions comprising:
a region modeling component configured to provide a three-dimensional model of a region of interest within a body from at least one imaging scan of the region of interest,
a surgical planning component configured to display a visible portion of a model of the implant and the three-dimensional model of the region of interest to a first user and allow the first user to select a preoperative surgical plan including a position of the implant within the three-dimensional model of the region of interest in a desired orientation, the implant having at least one hidden attribute that is not visible to the first user, the at least one hidden attribute of the implant being an implant extension configured to extend into a bone in the region of interest for maintaining the implant in the desired orientation relative to the region of interest, and
a PSI design component configured to prohibit alterations to the preoperative surgical plan selected by the first user, the PSI design component configured to display the at least one hidden attribute that is not visible to the first user, to generate at least one guide structure as extending from the implant extension and out of bone in the region of interest when the implant is in the desired orientation, the PSI design component configured to generate a model of the PSI incorporating at least one guide hole, the PSI design component configured to generate the at least one guide hole by subtracting the at least one guide structure from a generic PSI model, the PSI design component configured to display the at least one guide structure relative to the region of interest while excluding the visible portion of the implant;
the model of the PSI in a digital format for use in fabricating the PSI; and
the PSI fabricated from the model of the PSI in the digital format to implement the preoperative surgical plan, the PSI fabricated using data related to the model of the PSI in the digital format to control a manufacturing apparatus.

2. The combination of claim 1 , each of the implant, the model of the region of interest, and the generic PSI model comprising a model, and the PSI design component being configured to provide the patient specific instrument model as a series of geometry processing operations on the implant, the model of the region of interest, and the generic PSI model.

3. The combination of claim 1 , each of the implant and the generic PSI model comprising a model and the at least one hidden attribute comprising an extension on the implant, the PSI design component being configured to provide the patient specific instrument model as a series of geometry processing operations on the at least one hidden attribute and the generic PSI model.

4. The combination of claim 1 , wherein the PSI design component prohibits displacement of the guide structure extending from the implant extension.

5. The combination of claim 1 , the PSI design component further configured to select a portion of a surface within the region of interest and extrude the surface in a determined direction to provide the generic PSI model.

6. The combination of claim 1 , wherein the region of interest is a shoulder joint and the region modeling component is configured to provide a three-dimensional model of at least one bone within the shoulder joint.

7. The combination of claim 1 , wherein the region modeling component is configured to modify the three-dimensional model of the region of interest to eliminate any underhanging features on a portion of the three-dimensional model of the region of interest representing a bone.

8. The combination of claim 1 , wherein the at least one hidden attribute comprises a first attribute that is visible to a second user.

9. The combination of claim 8 , wherein the at least one hidden attribute comprises a second attribute that is not visible to either of the first user and the second user.

10. A computer-implemented method for fabricating a patient specific instrument (PSI) for use as a surgical guide for a surgical implant, comprising:
scanning a region of interest within a body of a patient to provide a three-dimensional model of the region of interest;
allowing a first user to select a preoperative surgical plan by positioning a model of the implant to a desired orientation with respect to the three-dimensional model of the region of interest via a graphical user interface by displaying a visible portion of the implant relative to the three-dimensional model of the region of interest, the implant having at least one hidden attribute that is not visible to the first user, the at least one hidden attribute of the implant being an implant extension configured to extend into a bone in the region of interest configured for maintaining the implant in the desired orientation relative to the region of interest;
prohibiting alterations by a second user to the preoperative surgical plan selected by the first user,
displaying to the second user the at least one hidden attribute that is not visible to the first user, a model of the PSI relative to the region of interest while excluding the visible portion of the implant, for the second user to alter parameters of the model of the PSI;
generating the model of the PSI incorporating at least one guide hole, the at least one guide hole resulting from a subtraction of a guide structure from a generic PSI model, the guide structure configured to extend from the implant extension and out of bone in the region of interest when the implant is in the desired orientation; and
fabricating the PSI according to the model of the PSI configured for implementing the preoperative surgical plan, fabricating the PSI comprises using data related to the model of the PSI in the digital format to control a manufacturing apparatus.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein generating a model of the PSI from a generic PSI model comprises performing a series of geometry processing operations on the implant, an at least one extension of the implant, the three-dimensional model of the region of interest, and the generic PSI model.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein performing the series of geometry processing operations comprises subtracting a portion of intersection between the three-dimensional model of the region of interest and the generic PSI model from the generic PSI model such that a first surface of the generic PSI model is contoured to a portion of a surface of the three-dimensional model of the region of interest.

13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising prohibiting displacement of the guide structure extending from the implant extension after allowing the first user to position the model of the implant.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein performing the series of geometry processing operations comprises taking the union of an extension of the at least one extension and the generic PSI model as to add the at least one guide structure to the generic PSI model.

15. The method of claim 11 , applying a parameterized transform operation to at least a portion of the generic PSI model to produce a desired deformation in the generic PSI model.

16. The method of claim 10 , further comprising generating one of the model of a selected implant and the generic PSI model as a spe

Assignees

• Bryan Jason A
• Cleveland Clinic Found

Inventors

• Bryan Jason A

Classifications

• A61F2/4081

  Glenoid components, e.g. cups · CPC title

• B33Y80/00

  Products made by additive manufacturing · CPC title

• A61B17/1684 Primary

  for the shoulder · CPC title

• A61B2034/102

  Modelling of surgical devices, implants or prosthesis · CPC title

• A61B2034/108

  Computer aided selection or customisation of medical implants or cutting guides · CPC title