Complex electrolytes and other compositions for metal-ion batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10109885-B2
Application number	US-201514706740-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	May 7, 2015
Priority date	May 7, 2014
Publication date	Oct 23, 2018
Grant date	Oct 23, 2018

Abstract

Batteries such as Li-ion batteries are provided that comprise anode and cathode electrodes, an electrolyte ionically coupling the anode and the cathode, and a separator electrically separating the anode and the cathode. In some designs, the electrolyte may comprise, for example, a mixture of (i) a Li-ion salt with (ii) at least one other metal salt having a metal with a standard reduction potential below −2.3 V vs. Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE). In other designs, the electrolyte may be disposed in conjunction with an electrolyte solvent that comprises, for example, about 10 to about 100 wt. % ether. In still other designs, the battery may further comprise anode and cathode interfacial layers (e.g., solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)) disposed between the respective electrode and the electrolyte and having different types of fragments of electrolyte solvent molecules as compared to each other.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A Li-ion battery, comprising:
anode and cathode electrodes, wherein the anode is a high capacity anode having a Li capacity of at least 400 mAh/g;
an electrolyte ionically coupling the anode and the cathode; and
a separator electrically separating the anode and the cathode,
wherein the electrolyte comprises a mixture of (i) a Li-ion salt with (ii) at least one other metal salt that is not a lithium ion salt, and
wherein the metal of the at least one other metal salt has a standard reduction potential below −2.3 V vs. Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE).

2. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal of the at least one other metal salt is a rare earth element.

3. The battery of claim 2 , wherein the rare earth element is selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Se, and Ce.

4. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the at least one other metal salt is an imide salt.

5. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal of the at least one other metal salt is an alkali or alkaline earth element.

6. The battery of claim 5 , wherein the alkali or alkaline earth element is selected from the group consisting of Cs, Mg, Sr, and Ba.

7. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal of the at least one other metal salt is a transition metal.

8. The battery of claim 7 , wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf, Ta, and Cu.

9. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises Si.

10. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises an additional salt that includes an iodine element.

11. The battery of claim 10 , where the additional salt is an iodide.

12. The battery of claim 10 , wherein the mixture further comprises a metal salt that includes an anion selected from the group consisting of SO 3 F − , N(FSO 2 ) 2 − , and N(CF 3 SO 4 ) 2− .

13. The battery of claim 10 , wherein the mixture further comprises LiF.

14. The battery of claim 10 , where the anode, the cathode, or the separator comprises LiF.

Assignees

• Sila Nanotechnologies Inc

Inventors

• Yushin Gleb
• Zdyrko Bogdan
• Kim Hyea
• Luzinov Igor
• Bandera Yuriy
• Berdichevsky Eugene

Classifications

• H01M4/134

  Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys · CPC title

• H01M4/386

  Silicon or alloys based on silicon · CPC title

• H01M2300/0025

  Organic electrolyte · CPC title

• H01M10/0568 Primary

  characterised by the solutes · CPC title

• H01M2/1673

  Electricity · mapped topic