Quaternary ammonium compounds and their use as fuel or lubricant additives

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10087384-B2
Application number	US-201515327802-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jul 28, 2015
Priority date	Jul 28, 2014
Publication date	Oct 2, 2018
Grant date	Oct 2, 2018

Abstract

A quaternary ammonium salt of formula wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is independently selected from an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group having less than 8 carbon atoms and R 5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A fuel composition comprising as an additive one or more quaternary ammonium compounds of formula:

wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is independently selected from an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R 5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group and a diluent or carrier.

2. A fuel composition according to claim 1 wherein the fuel is diesel fuel.

3. A fuel composition according to claim 2 further comprising one or more detergents selected from the group consisting of:
(i) an additional quaternary ammonium salt additive which is not a quaternary ammonium salt of formula:

wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is independently selected from an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group having less than 8 carbon atoms and R 5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group;

(ii) the product of a Mannich reaction between an aldehyde, an amine and an optionally substituted phenol;
(iii) the reaction product of a carboxylic acid-derived acylating agent and an amine;
(iv) the reaction product of a carboxylic acid-derived acylating agent and hydrazine;
(v) a salt formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with di-n-butylamine or tri-n-butylamine;
(vi) the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride and an amine compound or salt which product comprises at least one amino triazole group; and
(vii) a substituted polyaromatic detergent additive.

4. A fuel composition according to claim 1 wherein the fuel is gasoline fuel.

5. A fuel composition according to claim 1 further comprising one or more gasoline detergents selected from the group consisting of:
(p) hydrocarbyl-substituted polyoxyalkylene amines or polyetheramines;
(q) acylated nitrogen compounds which are the reaction product of a carboxylic acid-derived acylating agent and an amine;
(r) hydrocarbyl-substituted amines wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent is substantially aliphatic and contains at least 8 carbon atoms;
(s) Mannich base additives comprising nitrogen-containing condensates of a phenol, aldehyde and primary or secondary amine;
(t) aromatic esters of a polyalkylphenoxyalkanol;
(u) an additional quaternary ammonium salt additive which is not a quaternary ammonium salt of formula:

wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is independently selected from an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group having less than 8 carbon atoms and R 5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; and

(v) tertiary hydrocarbyl amines having a maximum of 30 carbon atoms.

6. A method of improving the performance of an engine, the method comprising combusting in said engine a fuel composition comprising as an additive one or more quaternary ammonium compounds as claimed in claim 1 .

7. A method according to claim 6 wherein the engine is a gasoline engine and the fuel is a gasoline fuel.

8. A method according to claim 6 wherein the engine is a diesel engine having a fuel injection system which comprises a high pressure fuel injection (HPFI) system with fuel pressures greater than 1350 bar.

9. A method according to claim 6 , wherein improvement in performance is achieved by combating deposits in the engine.

10. A method according to claim 9 , which combats internal diesel injector deposits.

11. A method according to claim 10 combats external diesel injector deposits, including injector nozzle deposits and injector tip deposits.

12. A method according to claim 8 which combats fuel filter deposits.

13. A method according to claim 6 wherein the improvement in performance is a power gain compared to when combusting an unadditised base fuel and with clean injectors.

14. A method of preparing a fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 , the method comprising adding the quaternary ammonium salt additive to the fuel after the fuel has left the distribution terminal.

Assignees

• Innospec Ltd

Inventors

• Reid Jacqueline
• Cook Stephen L

Classifications

• C10L10/18

  use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups C10L10/02 - C10L10/16 · CPC title

• C07C63/06

  Benzoic acid · CPC title

• C08F10/10

  Isobutene · CPC title

• C07C57/13

  Dicarboxylic acids · CPC title

• C07C61/00

  Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings · CPC title