Hybrid capacitor with enhanced reliability

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10074490-B2
Application number	US-201615013307-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Feb 2, 2016
Priority date	Feb 13, 2015
Publication date	Sep 11, 2018
Grant date	Sep 11, 2018

Abstract

An improved hybrid capacitor is described. The hybrid capacitor comprises an anode with a dielectric thereon and a cathode. An electrolyte is in electrical contact with the cathode and between the cathode and the dielectric. The electrolyte comprises a solid electrolyte coated on the cathode and an impregnating electrolyte wherein the solid electrolyte and the impregnating electrolyte have an intermolecular bond there between.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A hybrid capacitor comprising:
an anode with a dielectric thereon;
a cathode; and
an electrolyte in electrical contact with said cathode and between said cathode and said dielectric wherein said electrolyte comprises:
a solid electrolyte coated on said cathode; and
an impregnating electrolyte wherein said solid electrolyte and said impregnating electrolyte have an intermolecular bond there between.

2. The hybrid capacitor of claim 1 wherein said anode is an anode foil.

3. The hybrid capacitor of claim 1 wherein said anode comprises a metal.

4. The hybrid capacitor of claim 3 wherein said metal is a valve metal.

5. The hybrid capacitor of claim 4 wherein said valve metal is selected from the group consisting of tantalum, aluminum, niobium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and conductive a oxide thereof.

6. The hybrid capacitor of claim 1 wherein said cathode is a cathode foil.

7. The hybrid capacitor of claim 1 wherein said cathode comprises a metal.

8. The hybrid capacitor of claim 1 wherein said solid electrolyte comprises a material selected from the group consisting of manganese dioxide and a conductive polymer.

9. The hybrid capacitor of claim 8 wherein said conductive polymer has a particle size of no more than 100 nm.

10. The hybrid capacitor of claim 9 wherein said conductive polymer has a particle size of at least 0.5 nm.

11. The hybrid capacitor of claim 10 wherein said conductive polymer has a particle size of at least 2 nm to no more than 20 nm.

12. The hybrid capacitor of claim 8 wherein said conductive polymer is a polythiophene.

13. The hybrid capacitor of claim 12 wherein said polythiophene is 3,4-polyethylene dioxythiophene.

14. The hybrid capacitor of claim 1 wherein at least one of said solid electrolyte or said impregnating electrolyte further comprises at least one additive.

15. The hybrid capacitor of claim 14 wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of fibers, dopants, binders, crosslinkers, and nanoparticles.

16. The hybrid capacitor of claim 15 wherein said fibers comprise polymers selected from the group consisting of polyacrylonitrile, cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polymethylmethacrylate, polyimide, polyaniline and polyvinyl alcohol.

17. The hybrid capacitor of claim 15 wherein said a fibers are nanofibers selected from cellulose nanofibers or nanofibers electrospun from conducting polymers.

18. The hybrid capacitor of claim 17 wherein said conducting polymers are selected from polyaniline, polythiophene and polypyrrole.

19. The hybrid capacitor of claim 15 wherein said a fibers have a length of no more than 100 nm and a diameter of no more than 50 nm.

20. The hybrid capacitor of claim 15 wherein said dopants are selected from the group consisting of aromatic sulfonic acids, aromatic polysulfonic acids, organic sulfonic acids with hydroxy groups, organic sulfonic acids with carboxylhydroxyl groups, alicyclic sulfonic acids, benzoquinone sulfonic acids, benzene disulfonic acids, sulfosalicylic acids, sulfoisophthalic acids, camphorsulfonic acids, benzoquinone sulfonic acids, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acids, toluenesulfonic acids, sulfoquinones, anthracenemonosulfonic acids, substituted naphthalenemonosulfonic acids, substituted benzenesulfonic acids and heterocyclic sulfonic acids.

21. The hybrid capacitor of claim 15 wherein said binders are selected from the binders are selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl butyrates, polyacrylic acid esters, polyacrylic acid amides, polymethacrylic acid esters, polymethacrylic acid amides, polyacrylonitriles, styrene/acrylic acid esters, vinyl acetate/acrylic acid ester and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, polybutadienes, polyisoprenes, polystyrenes, polyethers, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyimides and polysulphones.

22. The hybrid capacitor of claim 15 wherein said crosslinkers are selected from the group consisting of melamines, glycidyl ether, phenolic, blocked isocyanates and functional silanes.

23. The hybrid capacitor of claim 22 wherein said crosslinkers are selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDGE), propylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PGDGE), 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE), resorcinol glycidyl ether, glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDGE), 3-glycidoxypropyltrialkoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane.

24. The hybrid capacitor of claim 15 wherein said nanoparticles are functionalized nanoparticles.

25. The hybrid capacitor of claim 14 wherein said intermolecular bond is between a reactive group of said additive and a reactive group of said impregnating electrolyte.

26. The hybrid capacitor of claim 25 wherein said reactive group of said additive is selected from the group consisting of epoxy, hydroxyl, amino, carboxylic, urethane, phosphate, silane, isocyanate, cyanate, nitro, peroxy, phosphio, phosphono, sulfonic acid, sulfone, nitro, acrylate, imide, amide, carboxyl, carboxylic anhydride, silane, oxazoline, (meth)acrylates, vinyls, maleates and maleimides itaconates, allyl alcohol esters, dicyclo-pentadiene-based unsaturations, unsaturated C 12 -C 22 fatty esters or amides, carboxylic acid salts and quaternary ammonium salts.

27. The hybrid capacitor of claim 25 wherein said reactive group of said impregnating electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of epoxy, hydroxyl, amino, carboxylic, urethane, phosphate, silane, isocyanate, cyanate, nitro, peroxy, phosphio, phosphono, sulfonic acid, sulfone, nitro, acrylate, imide, amide, carboxyl, carboxylic anhydride, silane, oxazoline, (meth)acrylates, vinyls, maleates and maleimides itaconates, allyl alcohol esters, dicyclo-pentadiene-based unsaturations, unsaturated C 12 -C 22 fatty esters or amides, carboxylic acid salts and quaternary ammonium salts.

28. The hybrid capacitor of claim 1 wherein said impregnating electrolyte comprises a material selected from electrolytes, solvents, cations, organic salts and anions.

29. The hybrid capacitor of claim 28 wherein said intermolecular bond is between said solid electrolyte and one of an electrolyte of said electrolytes, a solvent of said solvents, a cation of said cations, an organic salt of said organic salts or an anion of said anions.

30. The hybrid capacitor of claim 28 wherein said impregnating electrolyte comprises a material selected from the group consisting of ethers, amides, oxazolidinones, nitriles, glycols, glymes, glycerols, lactones, carbonates, sulfones or polyols.

31. The hybrid capacitor of claim 28 wherein said impregnating electrolyte comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polyols, glycerines, polyethylene glycols, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylates, tetramethyl ammonium phthalates, γ-butyrolactones, ethylated γ-butyrolactones, propylated γ-butyrolactones, and β-propiolactones, dimethoxyethanes, diethylene glycol dimethyl ethers, triethylene glycol dimethyl ethers, ethylene glycol diethyl ethers, diethylene glycol diethyl ethers, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ethers, hyperbranched polyglycidol, hyperbranched polyalkylene glycols, poly(allyl glycidyl ether), poly(ethoxy ethyl glycidyl ether), copolymers of methyl glycidyl ether and allyl glycidyl ether, co

Assignees

• Kemet Electronics Corp

Inventors

• Chacko Antony P
• Ning Liancai
• Shi Yaru
• Chen Qingping

Classifications

• H01G11/56

  Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein · CPC title

• H01G11/58

  Liquid electrolytes · CPC title

• H01G9/15

  Solid electrolytic capacitors (H01G11/00 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01G11/30

  characterised by their material · CPC title

• H01G11/04 Primary

  Hybrid capacitors · CPC title