Fluorescence-based analysis of biopolymers using nanopores

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10047392-B2
Application number	US-201515119859-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Feb 23, 2015
Priority date	Feb 21, 2014
Publication date	Aug 14, 2018
Grant date	Aug 14, 2018

Abstract

Described herein are systems for analysis of biopolymers and complexes containing biopolymers based on optical measurement of ion flux through pores. Also described are methods of using such devices for analysis of biopolymers and complexes containing biopolymers, including methods of determining the nucleotide sequences of polynucleotides.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A method of determining a sequence of a polynucleotide, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a system comprising
(1) a first reservoir comprising a first electrically conductive aqueous solution comprising a fluorescent reporter molecule capable of producing a fluorescence emission that is altered in the presence of an ionic species;
(2) a first electrode disposed in the first reservoir in electrical contact with the first electrically conductive aqueous solution;
(3) a second reservoir comprising a second electrically conductive aqueous solution comprising the ionic species;
(4) a second electrode disposed in the second reservoir and in electrical contact with the second electrically conductive aqueous solution; and
(5) a membrane separating the first reservoir and second reservoir, the membrane having a pore through which members of the ionic species can pass;
wherein the first electrically conductive aqueous solution in the first reservoir further comprises the polynucleotide or a complex containing the polynucleotide;
wherein the membrane further comprises a single polynucleotide polymerase immobilized on the membrane within 100 nm of the pore, and the polynucleotide polymerase is in contact with the first electrically conductive aqueous solution;
wherein the first electrically conductive aqueous solution in the first reservoir further comprises at least four deoxyribonucleotide polyphosphate (dNPP) analogs, wherein incorporation of each dNPP analog during DNA strand synthesis by the polynucleotide polymerase results in release of a different polyphosphate-tag moiety;
wherein the polynucleotide is a primed single-stranded template;

(b) allowing the polynucleotide polymerase to form a complex with the primed single-stranded template;
(c) allowing the polynucleotide polymerase to mediate nucleic acid synthesis using the at least four deoxyribonucleotide polyphosphate (dNPP) analogs;
(d) applying a light signal capable of exciting the fluorescent reporter molecule to a region in the first reservoir proximal to the pore;
(e) applying an electric field between the first and second electrodes, the electric field causing:
(i) members of the ionic species to pass through the pore from the second reservoir to the first reservoir and bind to the fluorescent reporter molecule, thereby producing a change in the fluorescence emission from the fluorescent reporter molecule; and
(ii) the polyphosphate-tag moieties to pass through the pore from the first reservoir to the second reservoir, whereby transit of members of the ionic species through the pore is reduced and the change in the fluorescence emission from the fluorescent reporter molecule is attenuated differently by each polyphosphate-tag moiety; and

(f) measuring the fluorescence signal so as to determine the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide.

2. A method of determining a sequence of a polynucleotide, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a system comprising
(1) a first reservoir comprising a first electrically conductive aqueous solution comprising a fluorescent reporter molecule capable of producing a fluorescence emission that is altered in the presence of an ionic species;
(2) a first electrode disposed in the first reservoir in electrical contact with the first electrically conductive aqueous solution;
(3) a second reservoir comprising a second electrically conductive aqueous solution comprising the ionic species;
(4) a second electrode disposed in the second reservoir and in electrical contact with the second electrically conductive aqueous solution; and
(5) a membrane separating the first reservoir and second reservoir, the membrane having a pore through which members of the ionic species can pass;
wherein the first electrically conductive aqueous solution in the first reservoir further comprises the polynucleotide or a complex containing the polynucleotide;
wherein the first electrically conductive aqueous solution in the first reservoir further comprises a polynucleotide polymerase;
wherein the polynucleotide is a primed single-stranded template;

(b) allowing the polynucleotide polymerase to form a complex with the primed single-stranded template;
(c) applying a light signal capable of exciting the fluorescent reporter molecule to a region in the first reservoir proximal to the pore;
(d) applying an electric field between the first and second electrodes, the electric field causing:
(i) members of the ionic species to pass through the pore from the second reservoir to the first reservoir and bind to the fluorescent reporter molecule, thereby producing a change in the fluorescence emission from the fluorescent reporter molecule; and
(ii) the single-stranded portion of the template to pass through the pore from the first reservoir to the second reservoir, thereby causing the complex to be retained in the pore;

(e) allowing the polynucleotide polymerase to mediate nucleic acid synthesis, thereby pulling the single-stranded portion of the template through the pore from the second reservoir to the first reservoir, whereby transit of members of the ionic species through the pore is reduced and the change in the fluorescence emission from the fluorescent reporter molecule is attenuated differently for each type of nucleotide in the polynucleotide; and
(f) measuring the fluorescence signal so as to determine the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide.

3. A method of determining a sequence of a polynucleotide, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a system comprising
(1) a first reservoir comprising a first electrically conductive aqueous solution comprising a fluorescent reporter molecule capable of producing a fluorescence emission that is altered in the presence of an ionic species;
(2) a first electrode disposed in the first reservoir in electrical contact with the first electrically conductive aqueous solution;
(3) a second reservoir comprising a second electrically conductive aqueous solution comprising the ionic species;
(4) a second electrode disposed in the second reservoir and in electrical contact with the second electrically conductive aqueous solution; and
(5) a membrane separating the first reservoir and second reservoir, the membrane having a pore through which members of the ionic species can pass;
wherein the first electrically conductive aqueous solution in the first reservoir further comprises the polynucleotide or a complex containing the polynucleotide;
wherein the first electrically conductive aqueous solution in the first reservoir further comprises a helicase;
wherein the polynucleotide has a single-stranded portion and a double-stranded portion:

(b) allowing the helicase to form a complex with the polynucleotide;
(c) applying a light signal capable of exciting the fluorescent reporter molecule to a region in the first reservoir proximal to the pore;
(d) applying an electric field between the first and second electrodes, the electric field causing:
(i) members of the ionic species to pass through the pore from the second reservoir to the first reservoir and bind to the fluorescent reporter molecule, thereby producing a change in the fluorescence emission from the fluorescent reporter molecule; and
(ii) the single-stranded portion of the polynucleotide to pass through the pore from the first reservoir to the second reservoir, thereby causing the complex to be retained in the pore;

(e) allowing the helicase to separate the strands of the double-stranded portion of the polynucleotide, thereby allowing the single-stranded portion to continue to pass through the pore, whereby transit of members of the ionic species through the pore is reduced and the change in the fluorescence emission from the fluorescent reporter molecule is attenuated differently for each ty

Assignees

• Univ Northeastern

Inventors

• Ivankin Andrey
• Larkin Joseph
• Henley Robert
• Wanunu Meni

Classifications

• G01N21/6408

  with measurement of decay time, time resolved fluorescence · CPC title

• G01N2021/6439

  with indicators, stains, dyes, tags, labels, marks · CPC title

• C12Q1/6869 Primary

  Methods for sequencing · CPC title

• G01N21/6458

  Fluorescence microscopy (fluorescence microscopes per se G02B21/0076 and G02B21/16) · CPC title

• G01N33/48721

  Investigating individual macromolecules, e.g. by translocation through nanopores (Coulter counters in general G01N15/12; fabrication methods for nanoscale apertures B81B1/00; sequencing of nucleic acids C12Q1/68) · CPC title