Electrode structures for three-dimensional batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10038214-B2
Application number	US-201715489432-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Apr 17, 2017
Priority date	Aug 16, 2012
Publication date	Jul 31, 2018
Grant date	Jul 31, 2018

Abstract

An electrode structure for use in an energy storage device comprising a population of electrodes, a population of counter-electrodes and a microporous separator separating members of the electrode population from members of the counter-electrode population. Each member of the electrode population comprises an electrode active material layer and an electrode current conductor layer, and each member of the electrode population has a bottom, a top, a length L E , a width W E and a height H E , wherein the ratio of L E to each of W E and H E is at least 5:1, the ratio of H E to W E is between 0.4:1 and 1000:1, and the electrode current collector layer of each member of the electrode population has a length L C that is measured in the same direction as and is at least 50% of length L E .

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An electrode structure comprising a population of electrodes, a population of counter-electrodes and a microporous separator separating members of the electrode population from members of the counter-electrode population, the populations of electrodes and counter-electrodes being arranged in an alternating sequence in which members of the electrode population are separated from each other by members of the counter-electrode population with the alternating sequence proceeding in a first direction, each member of the electrode population comprising an electrode active material layer and an electrode current conductor layer, each member of the electrode population having a bottom, a top, a length L E , a width W E and a height H E , the length L E being measured from the bottom to the top of each such electrode, the width W E and the height H E being measured in directions that are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of measurement of the length L E , the ratio of L E to each of W E and H E being at least 5:1, respectively, the ratio of H E to W E being between 0.4:1 and 1000:1, respectively, the electrode current collector layer of each member of the electrode population having a length L EC that is measured in the same direction as and is at least 50% of length L E .

2. The electrode structure of claim 1 wherein the electrode population has N members, the counter-electrode population has N+1 members, and N is at least 5.

3. The electrode structure of claim 1 wherein the electrode structure further comprises an electrode substrate and the bottom of each member of the population of electrodes is directly attached to the electrode substrate.

4. The electrode structure of claim 1 wherein L E has a value in the range of about 10 mm and about 250 mm.

5. The electrode structure of claim 1 wherein W E and H E each have a value in the range of about 0.01 mm and 5 mm.

6. The electrode structure of claim 1 wherein the ratio of L E to each of W E and H E for each member of the electrode population is at least 10:1, respectively.

7. The electrode structure of claim 1 wherein L E-C is at least 80% of L E .

8. The electrode structure of claim 1 wherein the electrode structure further comprises an electrode substrate, the bottom of each member of the population of electrodes being directly attached to the electrode substrate and the electrode substrate comprises an electrode bus for pooling current from each member of the population of electrodes wherein the electrode bus has a length L E-B a width W E-B and a height H E-B the length L E-B being measured in the first direction and the width W E-B and the height H E-B being measured in directions that are mutually perpendicular and to the first direction with the ratio of L E-B to each of W E-B and H E-B being at least 5:1.

9. The electrode structure of claim 1 wherein each member of the counter-electrode population comprises a counter-electrode active material layer and a counter-electrode current conductor layer, each member of the counter-electrode population having a bottom, a top, a length L CE , a width W CE and a height H CE the length L CE being measured from the bottom to the top of each such counter-electrode, the width W CE and the height H CE being measured in directions that are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of measurement of the length L CE , the ratio of L CE to each of W CE and H CE being at least 5:1, respectively, the ratio of H CE to W CE being between 0.4:1 and 1000:1, respectively, the counter-electrode current collector layer of each member of the counter-electrode population having a length L CE-C that is measured in the same direction as and is at least 50% of length L CE .

10. The electrode structure of claim 1 wherein each member of the population of electrodes further comprises an electrode backbone.

11. The electrode structure of claim 10 wherein the electrode backbones of each member of the population of electrodes has an electrical conductivity of less than 10 Siemens/cm.

12. The electrode structure of claim 10 wherein for each member of the population of electrodes, the electrode current collector layer is between the electrode active material and the electrode backbone and the electrode active material is between the microporous separator and the electrode current collector layer.

13. The electrode structure of claim 10 wherein for each member of the population of electrodes, the electrode current collector layer comprises an ionically permeable conductor material and is located between the electrode active material and the microporous separator and the electrode active material is between the electrode current collector layer and the electrode backbone.

14. The electrode structure of claim 1 wherein the electrode current collector layer and the electrode active material layer have an electrical conductance and the ratio of the electrical conductance of the electrode current collector layer to the electrical conductance of the electrode active material layer is at least 100:1, respectively, for each member of the population of electrodes.

15. The electrode structure of claim 1 wherein the population of electrodes is a population of negative electrodes, the population of counter-electrodes is a population of positive electrodes, the electrode active material layer is a negative electrode active material layer and the electrode current conductor layer is a negative electrode current conductor layer wherein the negative electrode active material layer comprises carbon, aluminum, tin, silicon or an alloy thereof.

16. The electrode structure of claim 15 wherein the negative electrode active material layer comprises nanowires of silicon or an alloy thereof, or porous silicon or an alloy thereof.

17. The electrode structure of claim 1 wherein the population of electrodes is a population of negative electrodes, the population of counter-electrodes is a population of positive electrodes, each member of the population of negative electrodes comprises a negative electrode active material layer and a negative electrode current conductor layer, each member of the population of negative electrodes has a bottom, a top, a length L NE , a width W NE and a height H NE , the length L NE being measured from the bottom to the top of each such negative electrode, the width W NE and the height H NE being measured in directions that are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of measurement of the length L NE , the ratio of L NE to each of W NE and H NE being at least 5:1, respectively, the ratio of H NE to W NE being between 0.4:1 and 1000:1, the negative electrode current collector layer of each member of the population having a length L NC that is measured in the same direction as and is at least 50% of L NE .

18. The electrode structure of claim 1 wherein the population of electrodes is a population of positive electrodes, the population of counter-electrodes is a population of negative electrodes,
(i) each member of the population of positive electrodes comprises a positive electrode active material layer and a positive electrode current conductor layer, each member of the population of positive electrodes has a bottom, a top, a length L PE , a width W PE and a height H PE , the length L PE being measured from the bottom to the top of each such positive electrode, the width W PE and the height H PE being measured in directions that are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of measurement of the len

Assignees

• Enovix Corp

Inventors

• Rust Iii Harrold Jones
• Lahiri Ashok
• Ramasubramanian Murali
• Spotnitz Robert M
• Cole Robert A
• Koblmiller Gunther
• Shah Nirav
• Brusca Brian E
• Castledine Christopher G
• Lauchlan Laurie J
• Wilcox James D

Classifications

• H01M4/525

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy · CPC title

• H01M4/134

  Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys · CPC title

• H01M4/386

  Silicon or alloys based on silicon · CPC title

• H01M10/058

  Construction or manufacture · CPC title

• H01M10/0436

  Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment · CPC title