System and method for high efficiency power generation using a carbon dioxide circulating working fluid

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10018115-B2
Application number	US-201313843313-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Mar 15, 2013
Priority date	Feb 26, 2009
Publication date	Jul 10, 2018
Grant date	Jul 10, 2018

Abstract

The present invention provides methods and system for power generation using a high efficiency combustor in combination with a CO 2 circulating fluid. The methods and systems advantageously can make use of a low pressure ratio power turbine and an economizer heat exchanger in specific embodiments. Additional low grade heat from an external source can be used to provide part of an amount of heat needed for heating the recycle CO 2 circulating fluid. Fuel derived CO 2 can be captured and delivered at pipeline pressure. Other impurities can be captured.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A method of power generation comprising:
combusting a hydrocarbon or carbonaceous fuel in a first combustor in presence of an oxidant and a recycle CO 2 stream so as to form a first combustor exhaust stream at a pressure of at least about 12 MPa and a temperature of at least about 800° C.;
expanding the first combustor exhaust stream across a first turbine to form a first turbine discharge stream;
heating the first turbine discharge stream in a second combustor to form a second combustor exhaust stream;
expanding the second combustor exhaust stream across a second turbine so as to output from the second turbine a second turbine discharge stream such that a pressure ratio of the first combustor exhaust stream relative to the second turbine discharge stream is at least 20;
cooling the second turbine discharge stream in a recuperator heat exchanger to form a cooled turbine discharge stream;
isolating at least a portion of CO 2 from the cooled turbine discharge stream to form the recycle CO 2 stream;
compressing the recycle CO 2 stream; and
passing the recycle CO 2 stream to the first combustor.

2. A power generation system comprising:
a first combustor adapted to combust a fuel in the presence of a recycle CO 2 stream and provide a first combustor exhaust stream at a pressure of at least about 10 MPa;
a first turbine in fluid communication with the first combustor and comprising an inlet adapted to receive the first combustor exhaust stream and an outlet adapted to output a first turbine discharge stream;
a second combustor in fluid communication with the first turbine and comprising an inlet adapted to receive the first turbine discharge stream and an outlet adapted to output a second combustor exhaust stream;
a second turbine in fluid communication with the second combustor and comprising an inlet adapted to receive the second combustor exhaust stream and an outlet adapted to output a second turbine discharge stream at a pressure that is less than about 0.15 MPa;
a recuperator heat exchanger in fluid communication with the second turbine, the recuperator heat exchanger being adapted to receive the second turbine discharge stream and transfer heat therefrom to the recycle CO 2 stream; and
at least one compressor in fluid communication with the recuperator heat exchanger and adapted to pressurize the recycle CO 2 stream to a pressure of at least about 10 MPa.

3. A power generation system comprising:
a first turbine and a second turbine in series that are adapted to expand a high pressure recycle CO 2 stream between a high pressure of about 10 MPa to about 60 MPa over a pressure ratio that is greater than 20 and discharge from the second turbine at a pressure that is less than about 0.15 MPa;
a combustor in a working arrangement between the first turbine and the second turbine and adapted to heat a discharge stream from the first turbine;
a recuperator heat exchanger in a working arrangement with the second turbine and adapted to transfer heat between a discharge stream from the second turbine and the high pressure recycle CO 2 stream; and
at least one compressor in a working arrangement with the recuperator heat exchanger and adapted to pressurize the high pressure recycle CO 2 stream to a pressure of at least about 10 MPa.

4. A power generation system comprising:
a first combustor adapted to combust a fuel in the presence of a recycle CO 2 stream and provide a first combustor exhaust stream at a pressure of at least about 12 MPa;
a first turbine in a working arrangement with the first combustor and comprising an inlet adapted to receive the first combustor exhaust stream and an outlet adapted to output a first turbine discharge stream;
a second combustor in a working arrangement with the first turbine and comprising an inlet adapted to receive the first turbine discharge stream and an outlet adapted to output a second combustor exhaust stream;
a second turbine in a working arrangement with the second combustor and comprising an inlet adapted to receive the second combustor exhaust stream and an outlet adapted to output a second turbine discharge stream, the first turbine and the second turbine being adapted to expand their respective streams such that the pressure ratio at the inlet of the first turbine to the outlet of the second turbine is at least about 20;
a recuperator heat exchanger in a working arrangement with the second turbine, the recuperator heat exchanger being adapted to receive the second turbine discharge stream and transfer heat therefrom to the recycle CO 2 stream; and
at least one compressor in a working arrangement with the recuperator heat exchanger and adapted to pressurize the recycle CO 2 stream to a pressure of at least about 12 MPa.

5. The power generation system of claim 4 , wherein the first combustor is adapted to provide the first combustor exhaust stream at a pressure of about 12 MPa to about 60 MPa.

6. The power generation system of claim 4 , wherein the second turbine is adapted to provide the second turbine discharge stream at a pressure of less than about 0.15 MPa.

7. The power generation system of claim 4 , further comprising a divider positioned upstream from the recuperator heat exchanger and adapted to divide out a portion of the second turbine discharge stream.

8. The power generation system of claim 7 , further comprising one or more further heat exchangers adapted for receiving the portion that has been divided out of the second turbine discharge stream and heating one or more further streams.

9. The power generation system of claim 4 , wherein the at least one compressor comprises a multistage compressor adapted to compress the recycle CO 2 stream to a pressure of at least about 5.75 MPa and a pump adapted to increase the pressure to at least about 12 MPa.

10. The power generation system of claim 9 , wherein the multistage compressor comprises a first compressor including at least two units that are intercooled.

11. The power generation system of claim 10 , wherein the multistage compressor comprises a second compressor.

12. The power generation system of claim 11 , further comprising an intercooler between the first compressor and the second compressor.

13. The power generation system of claim 4 , wherein the at least one compressor is in a working arrangement with the recuperator heat exchanger such that the recycle CO 2 stream passes to the recuperator heat exchanger for heating against the second turbine discharge stream.

14. The power generation system of claim 13 , wherein the recuperator heat exchanger is in a working arrangement with the first combustor such that the recycle CO 2 stream passes to the first combustor.

15. The power generation system of claim 13 , further comprising a heat transfer element in a working arrangement with the recuperator heat exchanger and adapted to provide additional heat from a different source to at least a portion of the recycle CO 2 stream.

16. The power generation system of claim 15 , wherein the source of the additional heat is an air separation unit.

17. The power generation system of claim 4 , further comprising a liquefaction heat exchanger.

18. The power generation system of claim 17 , wherein the liquefaction heat exchanger is adapted to position the recycle CO 2 stream and a stream of high pressure liquid natural gas (LNG) in a heat exchange relationship so as to liquefy the recycle CO 2 stream and increase the temperature of the LNG stream.

19. The power generation system of c

Assignees

• Palmer Labs Llc
• 8 Rivers Capital Llc

Inventors

• Allam Rodney John
• Palmer Miles R
• Brown Jr Glenn William
• Fetvedt Jeremy Eron
• Forrest Brock Alan

Classifications

• F25J2260/80

  Integration in an installation using carbon dioxide, e.g. for EOR, sequestration, refrigeration etc. · CPC title

• Y02E20/363

  Cross-Sectional Technologies · mapped topic

• F25J3/04533

  for the direct combustion of fuels in a power plant, so-called "oxyfuel combustion" · CPC title

• F23L2900/07002

  Injecting inert gas, other than steam or evaporated water, into the combustion chambers · CPC title

• F23L2900/07003

  Controlling the inert gas supply · CPC title